Analyzing public discourse and toxicity on X: the case of transgender athlete Lia Thomas
- Koldobika Meso Ayerdi University of the Basque Country https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0400-133X
- Urko Peña Alonso University of the Basque Country https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9214-5906
- María Ganzabal Learreta University of the Basque Country https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4231-402X
- Terese Mendiguren Galdospin University of the Basque Country https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3092-6608
Abstract
The inclusion of transgender athletes in sports has garnered significant public attention, especially with cases like Lia Thomas, the first transgender athlete to win a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) swimming title in the United States. This study examines discourse on X (formerly Twitter) surrounding Thomas’s participation, carrying out a content analysis of the shared tweets. It investigates the prevalence of toxicity and hate speech in the comments using tools like Google Perspective API and Hatebase and assesses their performance and reliability against human labeling by researchers. By analyzing the tone and content of posts, this research aims to understand public sentiment and the broader implications of these discussions on social media. The findings provide insights into the online perception of transgender athletes, the support or opposition they encounter, and the role of social media platforms in shaping public opinion on this controversial issue.
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Author Biographies
Associate Professor at the Faculty of Social and Communication Sciences of the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), where he teaches Cyberjournalism Writing and Theoretical Foundations and Research Methods in Cyberjournalism within the Master's Program in Social Research. He has taught other subjects and is the author of books and more than 40 articles on online journalism. He currently heads the Department of Journalism and co-directs the project "Active Audiences and the Virality of Journalistic Messages," funded by the National R&D&I Plan and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). He is also co-author of a Cyberjournalism Writing manual and a member of the Gureiker research group.
PhD candidate. He is involved in the IAMEDIA project: Impact of Artificial Intelligence and Algorithms on Digital Media, Professionals, and Audiences. He has also participated in the DISARGUE project: Argumentation-Based Detection and Mitigation of Misbehavior on Social Media. He is a member of the Gureiker research group (University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU). His research interests include the datafication of journalism, artificial intelligence, and disinformation.
PhD since 1996, she has been a professor at the University of the Basque Country since 2003, first in the Department of Audiovisual Communication and, since 2009, in the Department of Journalism. After working for several communication agencies and for the American magazine New Woman (New York), she served as coordinator of the Communication Area of the Master’s Program in Feminist and Gender Studies at the University of the Basque Country, where she has also been teaching since 2008. Her research, conducted within various research teams, has consistently focused on digital journalism, social platforms, participatory journalism, audiences, and social issues, including those related to gender. Articles on these topics have been published in high-impact academic journals.
PhD in Information Sciences from the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and BA in Audiovisual Communication. She is a lecturer in the Journalism undergraduate program, the Master's in Multimedia Journalism at El Correo, and the Master's in Multimedia Communication at EITB. Vice Dean of Communication and External Relations at the Faculty of Social and Communication Sciences, she has participated in 15 research projects and published around twenty articles in indexed journals. She is a member of the project "News, Networks and Users in the Hybrid Media System" and of the Gureiker research group. She has worked as an editor and coordinator at ETB and Bilbovisión, where she also served as a reporter, announcer, and presenter of entertainment and cultural programs.
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