Historical evolution of the university's mission and some challenges for the 21st century

Abstract

This study aims to provide a deep understanding of the contemporary challenges facing universities in the 21st century. The University, throughout its history in various civilizations, has undergone significant transformations, particularly in the 20th century with the creation of the European Higher Education Area (EHEA) and the Bologna Declaration. We are currently in a propitious moment to reflect on its current state and address the challenges posed by the globalized era of the 21st century. If significant adjustments are not made, universities may continue to face endemic problems that hinder their adequate contribution to society.

This paper examines the historical evolution of the university's mission, from its origins in the 12th century. Currently, the university faces the need to balance teaching, research, and knowledge transfer, thereby contributing to social justice and the common good. The negative perception of universities as "factories of the unemployed" and the threats to the teaching vocation, exacerbated by progressive digitalization, are among its current issues.

To achieve the objective of this study, the current legislation, such as the LOSU, which emphasizes the university's triple mission: teaching, research, and knowledge transfer, is analyzed. A review of the educational system reveals the need for better coordination between levels for a smooth transition to the university, highlighting the importance of guidance and teacher training.

In conclusion, the university must adapt to current and future needs, ensuring greater educational coordination and improving faculty preparation to face the challenges of a globalized and digitalized society. The synergy between these missions is essential for the future of the university, requiring appropriate incentives and recognition for the faculty.