Application of Creative Therapies in the Study of Emotional and Psychological Effects on Adult Oncology Patients at the Hospital Universitario Doce de Octubre

Abstract

This quasi-experimental study with a control group and mixed methodology evaluates the effects of a program combining art therapy and music therapy on hospitalized adult oncology patients. After three intervention sessions, the experimental group showed significant improvements in pain management, anxiety, depression, and emotional distress compared to the control group, which received only standard medical treatment. Significant reductions were observed in pain (-4.72; p < 0.001), anxiety (-4.78; p < 0.001), depression (-4.06; p < 0.001), and distress (-5.28; p < 0.001), as measured by the EVA, HADS, PHQ-9, and DME/TD scales. Additionally, notable physiological improvements were recorded, including reductions in systolic blood pressure (-25.34 mmHg) and diastolic blood pressure (-11.92 mmHg), along with a significant decrease in heart rate. Although changes in functional autonomy measured by the Barthel Index (BABVD) did not reach statistical significance, a positive trend was observed. Semi-structured interviews revealed enhanced emotional well-being, motivation, and interpersonal relationships. These findings emphasize the value of integrating creative therapies as complementary tools in oncology care, contributing to the physical and emotional well-being of hospitalized patients.