Foster Families and Early Childhood: Contributions to the Development of Infants in Situations of Extreme Vulnerability

Abstract

This study aims to explore and describe the impact of the care provided by foster families to babies in situations of extreme vulnerability, abandonment, and risk of death in the Buenos Aires metropolitan area of Argentina from the perspective of psychoneuroimmunoendocrinology (PNIE), with an emphasis on attachment theory and psychoanalysis. A qualitative approach was adopted based on in-depth interviews with 15 foster families affiliated with a foundation that brings them together and six healthcare professionals involved in neonatal care. Essential characteristics of foster families were identified in the comprehensive development of 35 babies under their care between 2023 and 2024. The techniques used included in-depth interviews, observation, and field journals. Analysis was conducted through the triangulation of units of analysis, which enabled a richer understanding of the phenomenon from different perspectives. Among the main conclusions, the study highlights the role of foster families facilitating the integral development of neonates in highly vulnerable. The comprehensive care and emotional attunement provided fosters early attachment, a fundamental condition for survival and neurodevelopment. Furthermore, the results show that early affective bonding, the support of an articulated social and community network and access to psychosocial resources are key factors for both the well-being of babies and the sustainability of the role played by foster families.