Influencia de los factores perceptivos en el reconocimiento de palabras: una revisión de la literatura en lectores expertos y con dislexia
- Teresa Civera Universitat de València https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5110-224X
- Manuel Perea Universitat de València https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3291-1365
- Marta Vergara-Martínez Universitat de València https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1931-0335
Resumen
Para lectores expertos, la lectura es un proceso sencillo y automatizado que facilita el acceso al significado. No obstante, todos los lectores pasamos primero por una etapa donde dicho proceso era costoso y conllevaba esfuerzo. Esta transición se debe al empleo de diferentes estrategias lectoras. Mientras que durante el aprendizaje empleamos una estrategia alfabética/serial, una vez ganamos automaticidad, empleamos la lectura paralela. Como expertos, en función de las demandas ortográficas de cada estímulo, el lector hará uso de una u otra estrategia para facilitar el acceso léxico. Son múltiples los factores perceptivos que difieren en cada palabra que leemos. Por ejemplo, podemos ver una misma palabra presentada así, así, ASÍ o así. Aunque al inicio somos más sensibles a estos cambios perceptivos, con el desarrollo lector ganamos cierta tolerancia. Sin embargo, ¿ocurre lo mismo en población con dislexia? En este trabajo, realizamos una revisión teórica sobre los factores perceptivos en la lectura y su impacto en la dislexia.
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