Did Savary of Mauléon Participate in Alfonso IX’s Failed Siege of Caceres in 1218?
- Lucas Villegas-Aristizábal Queen's University (Canada) https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7727-6193
Abstract
This paper assesses the evidence on whether Savary of Mauléon could have been present in the attempted conquest of Caceres by King Alfonso IX of Leon around the autumn of 1218. This paper also explains the possible reasons that might have encouraged the participation of this Poitevin nobleman in Iberian wars against the Almohads. It also attempts to contextualise Savary’s alleged involvement in Iberia in relation to his political and military career before and after the events of the Fifth Crusade.
References
Anonymous, 1891, L'histoire de Guillaume le Maréchal, Meyer, Paul (ed.), Paris, Libraire Renouard.
Anonymous, 1865, Annales monastici: Annales de Waverleia, Vol. II, Henry Richard Luard (ed.), London, Longman.
Anonymous, 1867, Gesta regis Henrici secundi Benediti abbatis, Vol. II, Stubbs, William (ed.), London, Longman.
Anonymous, 1879, “Gesta crucigerorum Rhenanorum”, Quinti belli sacri scriptores minores, Reinhold Röhricht (ed.) Geneve, Typis F. G. Fick, p. 27-56.
Anonymous, 1925, “Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium”, en Monumenta Germaniae Historica: Scriptorum, Vol. XXIII, Pertz, Henry, George (ed.) Leipzig, Verlag Karl Hiersmann, p. 631-950.
Annonymus, 1993, Anales toledanos I y II, Porres Martín Cleto, Julio (ed.), Toledo, Instituto provincial de investigaciones y estudios toledanos.
Anonymous, 2019, Two Texts from Alcobaça; “De Expugnatione Scalabis” and “Gosuini de Expugnatione Salaciæ Carmen”, Jonathan Wilson (eds), Leuven, Peeters Publishers, Forthcoming.
Bird, Jessalynn, Peters, Edward, y Powell, James M. (eds.), 2013, Crusade and Christendom Annotated Documents in Translation from Innocent III to the Fall of Acre, 1187-1291, Philadelphia, Penn.
Blanchard, René 1899, “Cartulaire des Sires de Rays (suite)”, Archives historiques du Poitou, n° 3:2. Poitou, Imprimerie de Henri Oudin, p. 1-319.
Bliss, William H. 1893, Calendar of Papal Registers Relating to Great Britain and Ireland, Vol. I: 1198-1304. London, Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
Charles W. David, 1939, “Narratio de itinere navali peregrinorum Hierosolymam tendentium et Silviam capientium, A. D. 1189”, Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, n° 81:5. Philadelphia, American Philosophical Society, pp. 591-676.
Daunou, Pierre (ed.), 1895, Histoire littéraire de le France, Vol. XVIII, Paris, Librairie Universitaire.
Delisle, Léopold, 1856, Catalogue des actes de Philippe-Auguste, Paris, Auguste Duran.
Emon von Bloemhof, 1991, Kroniek van het klooster Bloemhof te Wittewierum, Jansen, Hubertus P. H. and Janse, Antheunis (eds.), Hilversum, Verloren.
Fernández Catón, José María (ed.), 1991, Colección documental del archivo de la catedral de León (775-1230), Vol. VI, León, Centro de Estudios e investigación San Isidoro.
Ferreiro Alemparte, Jaime, 1999, Arribadas de normandos y cruzados a las costas de la península ibérica. Madrid, SEEM.
Guillerm de Tudela, 1875, La chanson de la croisade contre les albigeois, Paul Meyer (ed.), Paris, Librairie Reynouard.
Hardy Thomas, D. (ed.), 1833, Rotuli litterarum clausarum in turri Londinensi asservati, Vol. I, London, George Eyre and Andrew Spottiswoode.
Hardy, Thomas D. (ed.), 1835, Rotuli litterarum patentium in turri Londinensi asservati, Vol. I, London, Record Commission.
Jacques de Vitry, 1825, Histoire des croisades, Guizot, François M. (ed.), Paris, J.-L.-J. Brière.
Jehan de Notre-Dame, 1913, Les vies des plus célèbres et anciens poètes provençaux, Chabaneau, Camille (ed.), Paris, Librairie Ancienne.
John of Garland, “De triumphis Ecclesie”, en Hall, Martin Allan, 2017, “The historical, biographical and intellectual context of John of Garland’s ‘De triumphis , a New Critical Edition”, Unpublished PhD Thesis, Royal Holloway.
La Boutetière, Louis (ed.), 1873, Cartulaire de l’abbaye de Talmond, Poitier, Typographie de A. Dupré.
Laud, Graham A., 2010, The Crusade of Frederick Barbarossa: The History of the Expedition of the Emperor Frederick and Related Texts, Aldershot, Ashgate.
Mansilla, Demetrio, 1965, La documentación pontificia de Honorio III, Roma, Instituto español de historia eclesiástica.
Marchegay, Paul, 1877, Cartulaires du Bas-Poitou (département de la Vendée), Vol. LXXXIII. Les Roches-Baritaud, S.N.
Marchegay, Paul, 1877, Cartulaires du Bas-Poitou (département de la Vendée), Vol. LXXVIII. Les Roches-Baritaud, S.N.
Matthew Paris, 1874, Chronica majora, Vol. II, Laud, Henry Richard (ed.), London, Longman.
Matthew Paris, 1876, Chronica majora, Vol. III, Laud, Henry Richard (ed.), London, Longman.
Migne, Jacques Paul (ed.), 1891, Patrologia latina, Vol. CCXVI, Paris.
Oliverius Paderbornensi, 1894, “Historia Damiatina”, en Die Schriften des Kölner Domscholasters, Späteren Bischofs von Paderborn und Kardinal-Bischofs von S. Sabina Oliveros, Bibliothek des Literarischen Vereins in Stuttgart, vol. CCII, Hermann Hoogeweg (ed.), Tübingen, Literat, p. 156-208.
Petri Vallium Sarnaii Monachi, 1926, Hystoria albigensis, Vol. I. Guébin, Pascal y Lyon, Ernest (eds.), Paris, Librairie de la société de l’histoire de France. 412 p.
Powell, James A., 1986, Anatomy of a Crusade, 1213-1221, Philadelphia, Penn.
Peter of Vaux-de-Cernay, 1990, The History of the Albigensian Crusade, Silby, W. y Silby, M. (trans.), Woodbridge, Boydell.
Peters, Edward (ed.), 1971, Christian Society and Crusades 1198-1229, Philadelphia, Penn.
Pressutti, Petrus (ed.) 1895, Regesta Honorii Papae III, Vol. I, Roma, Ex typographia vaticana.
Ralph of Coggeshall, 1875, Chronicon Anglicanum, Stevenson, Joseph (ed.), London, Longman.
Raul, 2000, De expugnatione Lyxbonensi, David, Charles (trans.) y Phillips Jonathan (ed.), Philadelphia, Penn.
Rigord y Guillaume Le Breton, 1885, Œuvres : historiens de Philippe, Vol. II, Delaborde, H. François (ed.), Paris, Librairie de la société de historie de France.
Rodrigo Jiménez de Rada, 1987, Historia de rebus Hispanie sive historia gothica, Juan Fernández Valverde (ed.), Turnhout, Brepols.
Rodrigo Jiménez de Rada, 1989, Historia de los hechos de España, Fernández Valverde, Juan (trans.), Madrid, Alianza.
Rogeri de Wendover, 1842, Flores Historiarum, Vol. IV, Cox, Henry O. (ed.), London, Sumptibus Societatis.
Rymer, Thomas, 1745, Foedera, Vol. I, Par. I, London, Records Commission.
Sharp, Margaret (ed.), 1982, Accounts of the Constables of Bristol Castle in the Thirteenth and Early Fourteenth Centuries, Bristol, Bristol Record Society.
Afonso, Carlos Filipe, 2014, “Técnicas e táticas de assédio e defesa dos castelos em Portugal no contexto da reconquista – O caso de Alcácer, 1217”, em Fortificações e território na península ibérica e no Magreb (seculos VI al XVI, Fernandes), Isabel C. F. (ed.), Vol. II, Lisbon, Edições Colibri, p. 517-539.
Alvira Cabrer, Martín, 2009, “La Cruzada contra los Albigenses: historia, historiografía y memoria”, Clio & Crimen, n° 6, Durango, Centro de historia del crimen, p. 110-141.
Alvira Cabrer, Martín, 2012, Las Navas de Tolosa 1212: Idea, liturgia y memoria de la batalla, Madrid, Silex Ediciones.
Ayala Martínez, Carlos de, 2013, “Alfonso VIII, cruzada y cristiandad”, Espacio, tiempo y forma, n° 29. Madrid, UNED, p. 75-113,
Ayala Martínez, Carlos de, 2013, “El término «cruzada» en la documentación castellana de los siglos XII y principios del XIII”, Intus-legere historia, n° 7:2. Viña del Mar, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, p. 77-98.
Baiglie, Martine Cao Carmichael de, 1999, “Savary de Mauléon (ca 1180-1233), chevalier-troubadour poitevin : traîtrise et société aristocratique”, Le moyen age, n° 105. Liège, Université de Liège, p. 269-305.
Boase, Roger, 1977, The Origin and Meaning of Courtly Love: A Critical Study of European Scholarship, Manchester, Manchester University Press.
Boutière, Jean y Schutz, Alexander H., Biographies des troubadours : Textes provençaux des XIIIe et XIV siècles, Paris, A.-G. Nizet, 1964.
Carpenter, David, 1990, The Minority of Henry III, London, Methuen London.
Carvalho, António Rafael, 2010, “A catividade marítima de Qasr al-Fath/Alcácer do Sal no Alentejo litoral (1191-1217): Pirataria ou Yhiad marítima contra o reino de Portugal”, en Actas do 2º Encontro de história do Alentejo litoral, Sines, Centro Cultural Emerico Nunes, p. 80-98.
Cerda, José Manuel, 2011, “La dot gasconne d’Aliénor d’Angleterre Entre royaume de Castille, royaume de France et royaume d’Angleterre”, Cahiers de civilisation médiévale, n° 54. Poitiers, Université de Poitiers, p. 225-241.
Cerda, José Manuel, 2013, “The marriage of Alfonso VIII of Castile and Leonor Plantagenet: The First Bond between Spain and England in the Middle Ages”, en Aurell, Martin (ed.), 2013, Les stratégies matrimoniales (IXe-XIIIe siècle), Brussels, Brepols.
Chaytor, Henry John, 1969, A History of Aragon and Catalonia, London, AMS. Chaytor, Henry John, 1939, Savaric de Mauléon: Baron and Troubadour, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Church, Stephen, 2015, King John: England, Magna Carta and the Making of a Tyrant, London, Macmillan.
Church, Stephen, 2010, “King John's Testament and the Last Days of his Reign”, English Historical Review, n° 125:514. Oxford, Oxford University Press, p. 505- 528.
Claverie, Pierre-Vincent, 2013, Honorius III et l'Orient (1216-1227), Amsterdam, Brill.
Crespo López, Mario, 2015, Estudio Critico: Rodrigo Jiménez de Rada, Madrid, Fundación Ignacio Larramendi.
Damon, Géraldine, 2009, “Jeux seigneuriaux en Poitou au temps des Plantagenêts. L’exemple des vicomtes de Thouars, des Lusignan, des Parthenay-Larchevêque et des Mauléon”, en Aurell, Martin (ed.), 2009, Les seigneuries dans l’espace Plantagenet (c. 1150-1250), Pessac, Ausonius, p. 285-308.
Dieudonné, Adolphe, 1938, “La concession du droit de monnaie à Savary de Mauléon par le roi d’Angleterre, duc d’Aquitaine, et les rapports du Poitevin avec le Tournois”, en Transactions of the International Numismatic Congress, Mattingly, Allan H y Robinson, E. S. G. (eds.), London, B. Quaritchtld.
Defourneaux, Marcelin, 1949, Les Français en Espagne aux XIe-XIIe siècles, Paris, Presses Universitaires de France.
Duarte Rust, Leandro, 2010, “A medida da Terra Santa: a bula ad liberandam (1215) e a institucionalização das cruzadas”, Mirabilia, n° 10. Barcelona, Universitat Autònoma, p. 85-105.
Duby, Georges, 1973, Le dimanche de Bouvines : 27 juillet 1214, Paris, Gallimard.
Fletcher, Richard, 2001, Moorish Spain, London, Phoenix Press.
García Fitz, Francisco and Novoa Portela, Feliciano, 2014, Cruzados en la Reconquista, Madrid, Marcial Pons.
García Fitz, Francisco, 2012, Las Navas de Tolosa, Madrid, Ariel.
García Fitz, Francisco, 2014, “Las Navas de Tolosa y el paradigma bélico medieval”, en La península ibérica en tiempos de las Navas de Tolosa, Carlos Estepa Díez y María Antonia Carmona Ruiz (eds.), Madrid, Sociedad española de estudios medievales, p. 17-54.
García Durán, Laura, 2016, “La intervención de Inocencio III en la política matrimonial de Felipe Augusto de Francia y Alfonso IX de León”, Vergentis, n° 3. Murcia, Universidad Católica de Murcia, p. 221-245.
Gómez, Miguel Dolan, 2011, “The Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa: The Culture and Practice of Crusading in Medieval Iberia”, Unpublished PhD Thesis, Knoxville, University of Tennessee.
González González, Julio, 1944, Alfonso IX, Vol. II, Madrid, CSIC.
González González, Julio, 1983, Reinado y diplomas de Fernando III, Córdoba: Monte de Piedad y Caja de Ahorros de Córdoba.
Gorostarratzu, Javier, 1925, Rodrigo Jiménez de Rada, gran escritor, estadista y prelado, Pamplona, Diócesis.
Graham-Leigh, Eleine, 2005, The Southern French Nobility and the Albigensian Crusade, Boydell, Woodbridge.
Hall, Martin Allan, 2013, “An Academic Call to Arms in 1252: John of Garland's Crusading Epic ‘De triumphis ecclesiae’”, Crusades, n° 12. Ashgate, Aldershot, p. 153-175.
Hajdu, Robert, 1978, “Castles, castellans and the structure of politics in Poitou, 1152- 1271”, Journal of Medieval History, n° 4. London, Taylor & Francis, p. 27-53.
Kennedy, Hugh, 1996, Muslim Spain and Portugal: A political history of al-Andalus, London, Rutledge.
Laliena Corbera, Carlos, 2007, “Guerra santa y conquista feudal en el noroeste de la península a mediados del siglo XI: Barbastro, 1064”, en Cristianos y musulmanes en la península ibérica: la guerra, la frontera y la convivencia: XI congreso de estudios medievales, Ávila: Fundación Sánchez Albornoz, p. 389–398.
Lapeña Paúl, Ana Isabel, 2004, Sancho Ramírez: rey de Aragón (¿1064-?–1094) y rey de Navarra (1076–1094), Guijón, Ediciones Trea.
Lay, Stephen, 2009, The Reconquest Kings of Portugal: Political and Cultural Reorientation, London, Palgrave Macmillan.
Le Roux, Patrice, 2002, Savary de Mauléon : sénéchal du Poitou : un prince poète au XIIIème siècle, Nantes, Terres de braise.
Lincoln, Kyle, 2013, “Una cum uxore mea: Alfonso VIII, Leonor Plantagenet, and Mariage Alliances at the Court of Castile”, Revista chilena de estudios medievales, n° 4. Santiago de Chile, Universidad Gabriela Mistral, p. 11-32.
Lomax, Derek W., 1978, The Reconquest of Spain, London, Longman.
Martins, Miguel Gomes, 2011, De Ourique a Aljubarrota da Guerra na idade media Lisbon, Esfera dos Livros.
Meyer, Bruno, 2000, “El papel de los cruzados alemanes en la reconquista de la península ibérica”, En la España medieval, n° 23, Madrid, Universidad Complutense, p. 41-66.
Milà y Fontanals, Manuel, 1861, De los trovadores en España: Estudio de lengua y poesía provenzal, Barcelona, Librería de Joaquín Verdaguer.
Michel, Francisque (ed.), 1840, Histoire des ducs des Normandie et des rois d’Angleterre, Paris, Chez Jules Reynouard et c.
Miranda, José Carlos, 2004, Aurs mesclatz ab argen. Sobre a primeira geração de trovadores galego-portugueses, Porto, Guarecer.
Murray, Alan, 2017, “The Place of Egypt in the Military Strategy of the Crusades”, en The Fifth Crusade in context, Maylod, Elizabeth J., Perry, Guy, Smith, Thomas W. y Vandeburie, Jan (eds.), London, Routledge, p. 117-134.
Moolenbroek, Jaap J. van, 2016, Nederlandse kruisvaarders naar Damiate aan de Nijl: Acht eeuwen geschiedenis en fantasie in woord en beeld, Hilversum, Verloren.
Norgate, Kate, 1912, The Minority of Henry the Third, London, Macmillan.
O’Callaghan, Joseph F., 2003, Reconquest and Crusade in Medieval Spain, Philadelphia, Penn.
Painter, Sidney, 1949, The Reign of King John, Baltimore, John Hopkins University Press.
Powell, James A., 1986, Anatomy of a crusade, 1213-1221, Philadelphia, Penn.
Rickaby, Margaret, 2011, “Girard d'Athée and the Men from the Touraine Their Roles under King John”, Unpub. PhD Thesis, Durham, Durham University.
Riquer i Morera, Martín de, 1975, Los trovadores: Historia literaria y textos, Vol. 2, Barcelona, Editorial Planeta.
Rodríguez, Ana, 2012, “Forging Collective Memory: Las Navas and Bouvines”, Journal of Medieval Iberian Studies, n° 4:1. London, Routledge, p. 15-19.
Rodríguez García, José Manuel, 2014, Ideología cruzada en el siglo XIII: Una visión desde la Castilla de Alfonso X, Cádiz, Cátedra Alfonso X el Sabio, 328 p.
Setton, Kenneth M., Wolff, Robert L., and Hazard, Harry W. (eds.), 2005, The Crusades, Vol II, Madison, University of Wisconsin Press.
Shoval, Ilan, 2016, King John's Delegation to the Almohad court, Turnhout, Brepols. Sivéry, Gerard, 1995, Louis VIII le lion, Paris, Fayard.
Smith, Damian J., 2016, “La Guerra contra los musulmanes en España ‘en palabras’ del Papa Inocencio III”, Orígenes y desarrollo de la guerra santa en la península ibérica, Ayala Martínez, Carlos de, Henriet, Patrick y Palacios Ontalva, José Santiago (eds.), Madrid, Casa de Velásquez, p. 207-220.
Smith, J. Beverly, 1979, “The Treaty of Lambeth, 1217”, English Historical Review, n° 94:372. Oxford, Oxford University Press, p. 562-579.
Smith, Thomas W., 2013, “Pope Honorius III and the Holy Land Crusades, 1216-1227: A Study in Responsive Papal Government”, Unpub. PhD Thesis, London, Royal Holloway,
Smith, Thomas W., 2017, “The role of Pope Honorius III in the Fifth Crusade”, en Maylod, Elizabeth J., Perry, Guy,
Smith, Thomas W. y Vandeburie, Jan (eds.), The Fifth Crusade in context, London, Routledge, p. 15-26.
Vilar, Herminia Vasconcelos, 2014, “D. Afonso II e as Navas de Tolosa: a construção de um rei”, en La península ibérica en tiempos de las Navas de Tolosa, Estepa Díez, Carlos y Carmona Ruiz, María A. (eds.), Madrid, SEEM, p. 481-496.
Villegas-Aristizábal, Lucas, 2013, “Revisiting the Anglo-Norman Crusaders’ Failed Attempt to Conquer Lisbon c. 1142”, Portuguese Studies, n° 29:1. London, Maney Publishing, p. 7-20.
Villegas-Aristizábal, Lucas, 2018, “Gregory VII and Eblous II of Roucy: Proto- Crusade in Iberia”, Medieval History Journal, n° 21:1. London, Sage, p. 117-140.
Villegas-Aristizábal, Lucas, 2019, “Was the Portuguese Led Military Campaign Against Alcácer do Sal in the Autumn of 1217 Part of the Fifth Crusade?’, Al- Masāq: Journal of the Medieval Mediterranean, n° 31:1. London, Taylor & Francis, Forthcoming.
Vincent, Nicholas, 1996, Peter des Roches: An Alien in English Politics, 1205-1238, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Warren, Wilfred L., 1978, King John, Berkeley, University of California Press.