The First World War and its consequences: The image of Germany in Spain from 1914 onwards

Abstract

In spite of the neutrality declared by the Spanish government during the First World War, this European military conflict sparkles off an ardent clash between two camps: Germanophiles and Francophiles, that is, between the defenders of the German Empire and those who support France. At the beginning of the 20th century there is an enormous interest in the German culture among the Spanish people; however, the image of Germany in Spain changes radically from 1914. The Spanish press echoes this ideological confrontation which is leaded by the intellectuals of the moment. The most representative figures of the Spanish thinking take an active part in politics, signing passionate manifestos that are published in the most important newspapers. The inclusion of a majority of influential intellectuals in the anti-German camp generates a social rejection and a generalized lack of interest in the German culture in Spain.