The role of the distribution of power as an incentive for competition among rising powers: Spain and Portugal between 1479 and 1516
Abstract
The study analyses the rivalry between Spain and Portugal (1479-1516) through the lens of International Relations theory, specifically applying Mearsheimer’s offensive realism. Its primary objective is to examine how the distribution of power within the multipolar international system of the fifteenth century shaped the security strategies available to both powers. The hypothesis posits that the shifting distribution of power (polarity) facilitated or constrained alliance formation and moderated competitive escalation. Methodologically, it is a qualitative and longitudinal case study. It analyses eight critical junctures by contrasting primary sources (diplomatic documents) and secondary sources (historiography). The independent variable is systemic stimuli (the availability of allies), and the dependent variable is the range of strategies (according to offensive realism) deployed by Spain and Portugal.
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