Security and Police policies as social innovations. Democratic governance, social needs and implementation challenges. The cases of Badalona and Pamplona (Spain)
Abstract
This article analyses the reforms in the security and police policies in Badalona and Pamplona (2015-2018) as social innovations, departing from a critique of community security and policing models. Based on a qualitative methodology (interviews with key actors and analysis of documents and news), I investigate whether the two reforms were designed under the prism of social innovation (link between democratic governance and social needs detection), the practical consequences of this, and the implementation challenges encountered. The results show that both reforms were designed under the principles of social innovation and that the implementation was complex and contradictory.
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