Antagonisms in revolutionary Europe: from Kant and Fichte to Napoleon and Constant
Abstract
Even before Schmittian’s distinction between «friend» and «enemy» in The Concept of the Political (1927), the idea of antagonism, of an enemy to be fought, already underlay in many of approaches made around French Revolution. In this way, the aim of this article, through a philosophy of history point of view, is to reveal that conception of antagonism and portray an overview of how this was present not only during the revolutionary period, but also previously at the end of Enlightenment, in authors like Kant and Fichte, and later in the imperial age, reflected in the confrontation between the established and afterwards overthrown Napoleonic Empire, and the growing liberalism guided by Benjamin Constant.
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