Divine, spiritual, natural and elemental love on Ibn ʿArabī
Abstract
This article is a study of the differentiations (aqsām) of love, one of the most important points of Ibn ʿArabī’s great writing on the question of love, chapter 178 of The Meccan Revelations (al-Futūḥāt al- Makkiyya). Through a unique interplay of oscillation and balance between seemingly clashing ontological and epistemological perspectives - incomparability/similarity, hidden/manifest, unity/multiplicity, spirit/body - and a subtle handling of the language of allusions (išāra), the Andalusian master distinguishes between divine (ilāhī), spiritual (rūḥānī), natural (ṭabī’ī) and elemental (ʿunṣurī) love. An analysis and commentary on the text is offered that seeks to clarify the specificity of each of these notions, as well as their intimate relationship with the Andalusian author’s discourse on love.
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