LOS TRABAJADORES DE LOS «TALLERES GENERALES DE LA COMPAÑÍA DE LOS FERROCARRILES DE MADRID A ZARAGOZA Y ALICANTE», 1858-1936
Abstract
Los Talleres Generales de la Compañía de los Ferrocarriles de Madrid a Zara-goza y Alicante de Atocha (Madrid) comenzaron a funcionar a mediados del siglo. Se trataba de las instalaciones donde, junto a los Talleres de Clot en Barcelona,se realizaban en la Compañía las grandes reparaciones del material ferroviario. Este trabajo se ocupa de sus trabajadores desde los inicios hasta la Guerra Civil. En él se analizan la estructura del empleo, las formas de acceder a él y su movilidad, así como la procedencia geográfica del mismo y la evolución de los niveles sala-riales. Una de las grandes novedades de este trabajo es la construcción de series homogéneas de las remuneraciones de dos profesiones representativas del empleo cualificado (carpinteros) y sin cualificar (peones), tanto en el momento de acceso a la Compañía –es decir, sin ningún plus adicional de antigüedad– como cuando, sin haber cambiado de oficio, la abandonaron. Que desde principios del siglo XX el incremento progresivo del número de contratados de personal en formación fuera correlativo al descenso de la contratación de activos cualificados en el mercado externo demuestra que, a la larga, la estrategia laboral de la empresa a la hora de formar –y fijar– a los nuevos trabajadores resultó un éxito
Abstract: «The workers of the General Workshops of “The Railway Com-pany from Madrid to Zaragoza and Alicante”, 1858-1936»
General Workshops of «The Railway Company from Madrid to Zaragoza and Alicante» in Atocha (Madrid) started working in mid-nineteenth century. Their faci-lities were equipped to undertake, together with the Clot Workshops in Barcelona, the «heavy repairs» of locomotives and rolling stock. This paper deals with their workers. It examines the functional organization, the employment structure, the social mo-bility and the rules of admission, as well as the geographical origin of the workers and the evolution of salary level. One of the great contributions of this paper is to construct homogeneous series of the wages of two professions that are representative of skilled labour (carpenters) and unskilled (labourers), both at the time of access to company –that is, without any additional compensation linked to seniority– as when, without having changed occupation, abandoned it. Since the early twentieth century progressive increase in the number of contracts between the trainees was correlated to the decline in recruitment of skilled workers in the market: it shows that, ultimately, the labour strategy of the company when it comes to form and retain new workers was a success. Since then is when it is actually possible to speak of internal labour markets.
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