La valoración de las dinastías de los Austrias y de los Borbones, y de sus épocas, en una revista de la Segunda República Española: Cruz y Raya (1933-1936). Segunda Parte

Abstract

As you can conclude from the foot-notes, the articles were written for the review «Cruz y Raya» by different authors and in different years, but this research paper of ours consists of assorting them all, in bulk, according to the epoch they are referred to. A list of people who used to be poets, warriors and mystics at the same time, among whom Lope, Cervantes and many others must be included; actually, it was the mystics who have given its greatest splendour both to the Spanish Language and Literature, and who have shown many points in common with the English Metaphysical Poets and with the Modern English Catholic Poetry; the problem of the Netherlands; the Catholic Council of Trento and the spanish Jesuits against the Lutheran Reformers; the anti-clericalism of Antonio Pérez, and the Herrerian style of «El Escorial» must be attached or alloted to Philip II, and his epoch. Meanwhile, the Inquisition, Calderón de la Barca as Royal Chaplain, and the Peace of Westfalia in 1648 (which put an end to the Christendom as a political system) must be related to Philip the Fourth´s reign. And the death of Charles II, in 1700, implied the worst image of Spain, the sunset of the Spanish Empire, which signified the increasing of both, Picaresque novels and Preachers who insisted on moral points. Finally, only Reynoso stands among those belonging to the XVIIIth century; Bécquer, Donoso Cortés, Valera, Galdós and Menéndez Pelayo are the most outstanding writers quoted in the XIXth. century; and the «Generación del 98» and the «Generación del 27» are very important features of the XXth. century Spanish Literature. Once extinguished the First Republic in Spain, Cánovas, in 1874, promoted the new restoration of the Borbonic Dynasty, which streched till 1931, when general elections in April, followed by the resignation of King Alphonso XIII, gave way to the Second Republic in Spain (1931-1936) (the epoch of our review «Cruz y Raya» (1933-1936). Dámaso Alonso who firstly, in 1927, had thought Góngora to be the father of the «Generación del 27», later on, in 1935, influenced by Luis Cernuda, changed his mind, accepting the parenthood of Bécquer instead.