To represent is to spend: the chronic indebtedness of Manuel de Sentmenat during the Embassy to Portugal (1691-1698)

Keywords: economic history, new history of diplomacy, private finance, accounting history

Abstract

In the following lines we will delve into the economic universe of international relations by analysing the financial structure of Manuel de Sentmenat y de Lanuza during his period as envoy extraordinary (1691-1696) and ordinary ambassador (1696-1698) of the Spanish monarchy at the court of Lisbon. First of all, we will reconstruct the position and the date of the diplomat, analysing the income and expenses of the embassy. We will also examine the relationship of dependence he had with his main lender, Henri Vannertingue, who became the embassy's main financial guarantor. Finally, we will reconstruct the embassy's balance sheet, highlighting the chronic indebtedness it suffered, as the expenses incurred far exceeded the income received.

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Published
2025-06-23
How to Cite
Gómez Mesas J. (2025). To represent is to spend: the chronic indebtedness of Manuel de Sentmenat during the Embassy to Portugal (1691-1698). Cuadernos de Historia Moderna, 50(1), 149-171. https://doi.org/10.5209/chmo.96589
Section
Estudios