The Mediterranean frontier laboratory of America? Espionage against the Turk during the 16th century

Abstract

The article focuses on the Imperial espionage against the Ottoman Empire during the 16^th century. After the introduction, the text presents the Mediterranean frontier that is experiencing political and military changes, nevertheless the emphasis is on the management of secret information. The second part examines the structure and the protagonists of intelligence. However, the conclusions highlight the connections between Mediterranean and America, which contradict a traditional vision promoted by Anglo-Saxon historiography. Finally, the work proposes the possible transfers of the models, generated by Mediterranean espionage, from the Old to the New World.