Rescuing the Faithful in Berbería: The Image of Captivity According to the Redemptive Orders of Early Modern Spain

Abstract

This article explores the symbolic construction of captivity and redemption in Early Modern Spain through the analysis of the iconography of the Trinitarian and Mercedarian orders, whose charisms were founded on providing a solution to the human and spiritual tragedy of Christian captivity in Berbería. It examines how the image of the captive was integrated into the visual culture of the period, associating it with the Imitatio Christi. Following the Council of Trent, the iconographic representation of these orders underwent a transformation, exalting the heroism of their founders and martyrs in a context of Catholic reaffirmation against the rise of the Reformed Church. Likewise, the study analyzes the special connection between these redemptive orders and the Virgin Mary, emphasizing her singular role as intercessor and redeemer of sin. This article demonstrates how art served as an essential vehicle for the promotion of the redemptive orders within the framework of Spanish society at the time.