Gender convergence in labour force participation: Just for some? Spain, 1987-2021
Abstract
In this research we consider to which extent there has been a convergence in the labour force participation for men and women. Based on the Labour Force Survey, we compute employment rates by age and sex over the last three and a half decades in Spain. Using specific techniques for panel data, we find the employment ratio by age, year of observation, educational attainment, family status in the household and whether the individual is born in Spain. While among men, participation is always explained by changes in the economic situation to which they have been exposed throughout their working lives; among women, the increase in participation has only occurred in periods of economic expansion and among those with certain particularities such as a high level of education, born in Spain and with no children at home.
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