The metaphysical value of human nature in Rosmini and Stein. A dialogue with transhumanism

Abstract

This article aims to contribute to overcoming an unproductive debate of dogmatic positions on modern anthropotechnology. To this end, it suggests a foundation of human nature, which should be taken as a normative reference. It does so by drawing on the various insights of philosophical anthropology, especially those of Antonio Rosmini and Edith Stein. Firstly, I address the general meaning of nature, linking it to the notions of species and essence. I then outline the main features of human nature from an observational and synoptic perspective. From this, I deduce three regulative criteria for humanism: the absolute value of personhood, the basic identity of the human being, and the inherent perfection of each individual. This description would serve as a touchstone for the transhumanist project. Finally, I emphasize some ontological and practical contradictions in the materialistic attempt to enhance humanity without respecting the above-mentioned criteria.