Vox's cultural counter-programming: secularisation, gender and anti-feminism

Abstract

In just two years, Vox passed from being a residual party since its creation to becoming the third political force in the country. Although the reasons for the rise of Vox are varied, its strategies to present itself to public opinion, its ideology, and its discourse represent the culmination of the development of different forms, groups, and forces of the extreme right in Spain in the last two decades. In this paper, we will analyze the antifeminism of Vox as a structuring element of its ideology and as a clear example of the evolution of its political discourse concerning the traditional Spanish extreme right. Through secularization in its conception of the relations of gender and combining traditional and new types of masculinities and femininities, they have adapted its antifeminism to contemporary realities.