Perception of mental health and barriers to accessing mental health services among a group of older adults in the rural community of San Lorenzo, Manta – 2024

Abstract

The study aimed to characterize perceptions of mental health and access to mental health services among older adults in the rural community of San Lorenzo, Manta. A qualitative approach based on Grounded Theory was employed, using in-depth interviews and a focus group involving 24 cognitively healthy older adults. Findings revealed a functional view of mental health, linked to the ability to perform daily tasks and maintain emotional well-being through spiritual practices and ancestral medicine. Cultural and generational barriers were identified as limiting access to conventional services, including stigma toward psychology, lack of intercultural sensitivity among healthcare personnel, and preference for traditional remedies. Participants acknowledged the need for improved communication and proposed integrative strategies involving community actors and healthcare services, emphasizing the importance of active participation and respect for ancestral knowledge. In conclusion, an intergenerational crisis—driven by cultural and communicative differences—was found to hinder relationships between older adults and younger professionals, negatively impacting access to mental health services. The study suggests that culturally adapted healthcare systems are essential to improving service delivery in rural communities and promoting dignified, healthy aging.