Contemporary challenges in child and adolescent protection systems from a social work perspective. A systematic review following the PRISMA Guidelines

Abstract

The increase in the number of children and adolescents (NNA) assisted by protection systems highlights the need for comprehensive and coordinated approaches that capable of addressing their diverse needs. SOcial Work plays a key role in facilitating collaboration among professionals and consolidating effective support networks. This study aims to analyze the main current challenges faced by Social Work professionals in residential child care settings. To achieve this, a systematic review of scientific literature was conducted using the Scopus, Web of Science, and Dialnet databases, following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, resulting in the selection of 69 studies published between 2013 and 2023. The analysis identified four key categories: addressing emerging mental health needs, training gaps among technical staff, professional accompaniment in rehabilitation processes and the role of Social Work in the adolescent emancipation stage. The findings reveal a paradigm shift in professional intervention, moving from an approach focused on basic care and institutional control to one based on comprehensive support, participation, and the strengthening of autonomy. This research contributes to highlighting the specific functions of Social Work within the protection system and offers guidance for future professional practices and public policies aimed at promoting the well-being of children and adolescents at risk.