Adaptations in the business association model in an unstable and changing environment. The case of CEOE, Medef and Confindustria
Abstract
The literatures on the crisis of neocorporatism and on the 2007-08 financial crisis assumed that the loss of institutional and centralized resources would imply changes in both the unions and business associations. Some authors suggest that business associations have ensured their participation in collective bargaining by providing exclusion clauses so that large companies can develop their own strategies. Other authors suggest that business associations are strengthening their lobby functions and the provision of services to companies in emerging sectors. This article contributes to the existing literature by providing empirical evidence on changes in budgets, staff, media presence, and lobbying activity before the European Union. Changes in institutional representation, competition between business associations and changes in internal governance are also discussed.
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