Rock Art and Geometric Morphometry. The cave manifestations of camelids in the south of Pozuelos (Puna de Jujuy, Argentina), during the Regional Developments (900-1430 AD).
Abstract
The figure of the camelid constitutes one of the most abundant rock art manifestations in the Argentine Northwest during the Period of Regional Developments (900-1430 AD). The main objective of this work is to approach the quantitative morphological variation of the camelid figure in the south rock art of the Pozuelos basin (Puna de Jujuy, Argentina) for the referred period. For this purpose, a sample consisting of 330 camelid figures, executed by means of painting, engraving and picto-engraving techniques, present in ten rock art landscapes of the south of Pozuelos, is analized. Geometric Morphometry techniques and multivariate statistical methods were implemented for the quantitative description of the form. The method of superposition (Procrustes), Analysis of Principal Components, Procrustes ANOVA, Multivariate Regression, Modularity, Partial Least Squares, Analysis of Canonical Variants, and Analysis of the Discriminating Function were applied. The results obtained constitute a first approach from the Geometric Morphometry to the camelid figure study in the rock art of the south of Pozuelos. The previous qualitative studies on the style, landscapes and archaeological contexts of rock art, are articulated with the results of quantitative morphology. This allow corroborating the presence of allometry, modularity and morphological integration and significant morphological differences and distances betwen camelid figures linked to the rock art landscapes and the Stylistic Modalities previously defined for our microregion.
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