Bear hug. Social movements and political violence in the Basque Country during the Spanish transition to democracy
Abstract
In the Basque Country during the Spanish transition to democracy a cycle of protests converged with a cycle of violence. The first social movements (those of workers, students or neighborhood associations, since the sixties) began without a notable presence of ETA. Something similar happened in the emergence of new social movements (feminist, gay and lesbian, antinuclear...) in the second half of the seventies. Now, since 1978 terrorism affected all of them, with the beginning of the “years of lead”. This article takes the case of the antinuclear movement to explore how and why a social movement can be contaminated by a context of intense political violence, being able to play a de-democratizing role.
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