On the origin of ἐν + dative with causal, instrumental, agent value in LXX and New Testament
Abstract
Regarding the Agent value of the phrase ἐν + dative, the grammars of the LXX and New Testament offer contrary explanations: some accept it while others deny it. At the same time, it is considered impossible that this phrase could reach this value from the Greek itself and it is preferred to analyze this possibility more as a Semitic influence, the locative preposition be. However, an analysis of the development of locative ideas into causal, instrumental and intermediary (an already existing development in Attic) allows us to establish a logic that would have led the LXX translators to use ἐν + dative to express these ideas and the agent when expressed with be.
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