Iranian Digital Authoritarianism and the case of Mahsa Gina Amini: A Surveillance Capitalism Approach

Abstract

This paper addresses the new forms of authoritarianism in Iran from the conceptual framework of surveillance capitalism. The central argument defends that, along with digitization and an extensive internet access, the forms of authoritarianism in Iran have been adapting to the new technological realities. Of particular importance has been the connection between digitization and surveillance, digital harassment, and manipulation of the public sphere. In this sense, the text also defends that Iran´s digital authoritarianism is only possible thanks to the help and technical support of international actors such as the Chinese government and some of its specialized technology and security companies. In turn, the article presents evidence of how digital authoritarianism does not replace the forms of police repression, particularly torture, forced interrogation and other prison measures, but rather it is a complement to them. This final argument is demonstrated by the context of the powerful popular protests over the death of Mahsa Gina Amini, in September 2022, which has been a moment of reinforced authoritarianism in the Iranian public space that manifested itself shortly after the covid-19 pandemic.