Cambio climático, recursos naturales y conflicto

Alexander  Carius; Achim  Maas

Cambio climático, recursos naturales y conflicto

Alexander Carius
Achim Maas

Palabras clave: Conflicto, cambio climático, seguridad, recursos naturales

Resumen

En este artículo se proporcionará una visión general sobre los debates científicos y políticos en curso en cuanto la interrelación entre el cambio climático y la aparición de conflictos. En primer lugar, se esbozarán los principales desafíos del cambio climático; en segundo lugar, las principales relaciones entre el cambio climático y la naturaleza de los conflictos. Esto incluirá una visión general sobre cómo las respuestas al cambio climático, tales como medidas de mitigación y adaptación, también podrían convertirse en riesgos para la seguridad y la paz. Por último, se discutirán los procesos políticos emergentes para hacer frente a los retos del cambio climático.

Ver citas

Citas

ADB 2009: The Economics of Climate Change in Southeast Asia: A Regional Review. Manila: Asian Development Bank.

ADELPHI RESEARCH 2009a: Climate Change and International Security. Activity Mapping of EU Member States and Bodies. Activity Profile of the United Kingdom. Berlin: Adelphi Research.

Allison, I., N.L. Bindoff, R.A. Binschadler, P.M. Cox, N. De Noblet, M.H. England, J.E. Francis, N. Gruber, A.M. Haywood, D.J. Karoly, G. Kaser, C. Le Quéré, T.M. Lenton, M.E. Mann, B.I. Mcneil, A.J. Pitman, S. Rahmstorf, E. Rignot, H.J. Schellnhuber, S.H. Schneider, S.C. Sherwood, R.C.J. Somerville, K.Steffen, E.J. Steig, M. Visbeck, A.J. Weaver 2009: The Copenhagen Diagnosis. Updating the World on the Latest Climate Science. Available at http://copenhagendiagnosis.org/ (24 November 2009).

Anderson, Mary B. 1999; Do No Harm: How Aid Can Support Peace – Or War. London: Lynne Rienner.

ARF 2009: Co-Chair’s Summary Report of the Seminar on „International Security Implications of Climate-Related Trends and Events.” Phnom Penh, 19 March 2009. Phnom Penh: ASEAN Regional Forum.

Brauch, Hans Günter 2006: Regionalexpertise – Destablisierungs- und Konfliktpotential prognostizierter Umweltveränderungen in der Region Südeuropa und Nordafrika bis 2020/2050. Externe Expertise für das WBGUHauptgutachten: „Welt im Wandel: Sicherheitsrisiko Klimawandel”. Available at http://www.wbgu.de/wbgu_jg2007_ex01.pdf (3 August 2008).

Brown, Oli 2008: The numbers game. Available at http://www.fmreview.org/ FMRpdfs/FMR31/08-09.pdf (15 December 2008).

Brown, Oli and Crawford, Alec 2009: Rising Temperatures, Rising Tensions. Climate change and the risk of violent conflict in the Middle East. Winnipeg: International Institute for Sustainable Development.

Brown, Oli and Robert Mclemann 2009: A recurring anarchy? The emergence of climate change as threat to international peace and security. In: Conflict, Security and Development 9:3, pp. 289-305.

Brown, Oli and Alec Crawford 2008: Assessing the Security Implications of Climate Change for West Africa: Country Case Studies of Ghana and Burkina Faso. Available at http://www.iisd.org/pdf/2008/security_implications_west_africa.pdf (24 March 2008).

Brzoska, Michael 2008: Der konfliktträchtige Klimawandel – ein Sicherheitsproblem? In: Andreas Heinemann- Grüder, Jochen Hippler, Markus Weingardt, Reinhard Mutz und Bruno Schoch (eds) 2008: Friedensgutachten 2008. Münster: LIT, pp. 195-206.

Buhaug, Halvard, Nils Petter Gleditsch and Ole Magnus Theisen, 2008: Implications of Climate Change for Armed Conflict. Washington, DC: World Bank.

Burke, Marshall B., Edward Miguel, Shanker Satyanath, John A. Dykema and David B. Lobell 2009: Warming increases the risk of civil war in Africa. In: Proceeding of the National Academy of Sciencies 106:49, 20670-20674.

Buzan, Barry, Ole WÆVER and Jaap DE WILDE 1998: Security. A New Framework for Analysis. Boulder and London: Lynne Rienner.

Cabinet Office 2009: The National Security Strategy of the United Kingdom. Security in an interdependent world. Available at http://interactive. cabinetoffice.gov.uk/documents/security/national_security_strategy.pdf (17 December 2009).

Campbell, Kurt M., Jay Gulledge, J.R. Mcneill, John Podesta, Peter Ogden, Leon Fuerth, R. James Woolsey, Alexander T.J. Lennon, Julianne Smith, Richard Weitz and Derekt MIX 2007: The Age of Consequences: The Foreign Policy and National Security Implications of Global Climate Change. Available at http://www.csis.org/media/ csis/pubs/071105_ageofconsequences.pdf (24 March 2008).

Carius, Alexander 2006: Environmental Peacebuilding. Environmental Cooperation as an Instrument for Crisis Prevention and Peacebuilding. Conditions for Success. Adelphi Report 03/07. Berlin: Adelphi consult. CARIUS, Alexander and Achim MAAS 2009: Climate Change and International Security. Technical Report. London: HTSPE.

Carius, Alexander and Achim MAAS 2009a: Climate Change and Security. Two Secenarios for South East Asia. Brussels: European Commission.

Carius, Alexander and Achim Maas 2009b: Climate Change and Security. Three Secenarios for Middle America. Brussels: European Commission.

Carius, Alexander, Achim Maas and Kerstin Fritzsche 2009: Climate Change and Security. Three Scenarios for South West Asia. Brussels: European Commission.

Carius, Alexander, Dennis Tänzler and Achim Maas 2008: Climate Change and Security – Challenges for German Development Cooperation. Eschborn: GTZ.

Carius, Alexander, Dennis TÄNZLER und Judith WINTERSTEIN 2006: Weltkarte von Umweltkonflikten – Ansätze einer Typologisierung. Externe Expertise für das WBGU-Hauptgutachten: „Welt im Wandel: Sicherheitsrisiko Klimawandel”. http://www.wbgu.de/wbgu_jg2007_ex02.pdf (3. August 2007).

CNA 2007: National Security and the Threat of Climate Change. Available at http://securityandclimate.cna.org/ (30 July 2007).

Conca, Ken and Geoffrey D. DABELKO (eds) 2002: Environmental Peacemaking. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press.

Crawford, Alec, Arthur HANSON and David RUNNALS 2008: Arctic Sovereignty and Security in a Climate-changing World. Winniepg: International Institute for Sustainable Development.

Dalby, Simon 2009: Security and Environmental Change. Cambridge: Polity.

Diamond, Jared 2005: Collapse. How societies choose to fail or survive. London: Penguin Books.

Drexhage, John, Deborah Murphy, Oli Brown, Aaron Cosbey, Peter Dickey, Jo-Ellen Parry, John Van Ham, Rhich Tarasofsky, Beverly Darking 2007: Climate Change and Foreign Policy: An exploration of options for greater integration. Available at http://www.iisd.org/pdf/2007/climate_foreign_policy.pdf (24 March 2008).

Dyer, Gwynne 2008: Climate Wars, Toronto: Random House Canada. EACH-FOR 2008: Preliminary Findings from the EACH-FOR Project on environmentally-induced migration. Available at http://www.each-for.eu/documents/EACH-FOR_Preliminary_Findings_-_Final_Version.pdf (12 April 2010).

EU 2008: Climate Change and International Security. Paper from the High Representative and the European Commission to the European Council. S113/08, 14 March 2008. Available at http://www.consilium.europa.eu/ueDocs/cms_Data/docs/pressData/en/reports/99387.pdf (03 July 2009).

Evans, Alex 2009: Feeding of the Nine Billion: Global Food Security in the 21st Century. A Chatham House Report. Available at http://www.chathamhouse. org.uk/files/13179_r0109food.pdf (25 November 2009).

Feil, Moira, Diana Klein and Meike WESTERKAMP 2009: Regional Cooperation on Environment, Economy and Natural Resource Management. How can it contribute to Peacebuilding. Brussels: Initiative for Peacebuilding.

Fetzek, Shiloh 2009: Climate-Related Impacts on National Security in Mexico and Central America. Interim Report. London: Royal United Services Institute.

Fleming, James 2004: Fixing the Weather and Climate: Military and Civilian Schemes for Cloud Seeding and Climate Engineering. In: Lisa Rosner (ed) 2004: The Technological Fix. How People Use Technology to Create and Solve Problems. New York/ Londong: Routledge, 175-200.

GHF 2009: The Anatomy of a Silent Crisis. Available at http://www.ghfgeneva. org/Portals/0/pdfs/human_impact_report.pdf (12 April 2010).

Gleditsch, Nils Petter and Ragnhild NORDÅS 2009: Climate Change and Conflict. A Critical Overview. In: Die Friedenswarte 84:2.

Halden, Peter 2007: The Geopolitics of Climate Change. Challenges to the International System. Stockholm: Foi.Homer-Dixon, Thomas F. 2006: The Upside of Down. Catastrophe, Creativity and the Renewal of Civilisation. Washington: Island Press.

Homer-Dixon, Thomas. F. 1999: Environment, Scarcity, and Violence. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

IOM 2008: Migration and Climate Change. Available at http://www.iom.int/jahia/webdav/site/myjahiasite/shared/shared/mainsite/published_docs/serial_publications/MRS-31_EN_correct.pdf (12 December 2009).

IPCC 2007: Climate change 2007: Mitigation. Contribution of Working group III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [B. Metz, O. R. Davidson, P. R. Bosch, R. Dave, L. A. Meyer (eds)], Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.

IPCC 2007a: Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Working Group II Contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report. Summary for Policymakers. Verfügbar unter http://www.ipcc.ch/SPM13apr07.pdf (30. Juli 2007).

Kahl, Colin 2005: States, Scarcity and Civil Strife in the Developing World. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Kriesberg, Louis 1998: Constructive Conflicts. From Escalation to Resolution. New York et al: Rowman & Littleon.

Lee, Bernice 2009: Managing the interlocking climate and resource challenges. In: International Affairs 85:6, pp. 1101-1116.

Lee, James R. 2009: Climate Change and Armed Conflict. Hot and Cold Wars. London and New York: Routledge.

Lenton, Tim, Anthony Footitt and Andrew Dlugolecki 2009: Major Tipping Points in the Earth’s Climate System and Consequences for the Insurance Sector. Available at http://assets.panda.org/downloads/plugin_tp_final_report.pdf (17 December 2009).

Maas, Achim, Chad Briggs, Vicken Cheterian, Kerstin FRITZSCHE, Bernice LEE, Cleo Paskal, Dennis Tänzler and Alexander Carius 2010: Shifting Bases, Shifting Perils. A Scoping Study on Security Implications of Climate Change for the OSCE Region. Berlin: Adelphi Research.

Maas, Achim and Kerstin Fritzsche 2009: Altering Regional Security Dynamcis – Climate Change Impacts on Iraq. Paper presented at international conference “Climate Change, Social Stress and Violent Conflict” in Hamburg (Germany) on 19/20 November 2009.

Maas, Achim and Dennis Tänzler 2009: Regional Security Implications of Climate Change. A Synopsis. Adelphi Report 01/09. Berlin: Adelphi Consult.

Mabey, Nick 2008: Delivering Climate Security. International Security Responses to a Climate Changed World. Whitehall Paper. New York et al.: Routledge.

Miall, Hugh, Oliver Ramsbotham and Tom Woodhouse 1999: Contemporary Conflict Resolution. Cambridge/Malden: Polity.

NIC 2009: India: The Impacts of Climate Change to 2030. Available http:// www.dni.gov/nic/PDF_GIF_otherprod/climate_change/cr200907_india_climate_change.pdf (6 November 2009).

NIC 2009a: China: The Impacts of Climate Change 2030. Available http://www.dni.gov/nic/PDF_GIF_otherprod/climate_change/cr200909_china_climate_change.pdf (6 November 2009).

NIC 2009b: Russia: The Impacts of Climate Change 2030. Available http://www.dni.gov/nic/PDF_GIF_otherprod/climate_change/cr200916_russia_climate_change.pdf (6 November 2009).

Oberthür, Sebastian; Dennis Tänzler and Alexander CARIUS 2002: Klimawandel und Konfliktprävention. Die Relevanz für den internationalen Klimaschutzprozess. In: BMU (ed) 2002: Klima und Konflikt. Berlin: Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit, 111-146.

OSCE 2007: Madrid Declaration on Environment and Security. MC.DOC/4/07. Available at http://www.osce.org/documents/mcs/2007/12/28657_en.pdf (17 December 2009).

Paskal, Cleo 2010: Global Warring. How Environmental, Economic and Political Crisis will redraw the World Map. Toronto: Key Porter Books.

Petrini, Benjamin 2010: Violent Conflict Dataset 1991-2008. Available at http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTCPR/Resources/407739-1267651559887/Violent_Conflict_Dataset_combined.pdf (22 April 2010).

Resureccion, Bernadette P., Edsel E. Sajor with Elizabeth FAJBER 2009: Climate Adaptation in Asia: Knowledge Gaps and Research Issues in South East Asia. Available at http://www.i-s-e-t.org/Climate%20Adaptation%20SEA%20Sept08.pdf (26 November 2009).

Royal Society 2009: Geoengineering the Climate. Science, Governance and Uncertainty. Available at http://royalsociety.org/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=10768 (17 December 2009).

SAFERWORLD 2009: Climate change and security in Bangladesh. A Case Study. London: Saferworld.

Schwartz, Peter and Doug Randall 2004: Imaging the Unthinkable. An Abrupt Climate Change Scenario and its Implications for United States Security. Available at http://www.grist.org/pdf/AbruptClimateChange2003. pdf (12 December 2008).

Smith, David and Janani Vivekananda 2007: A Climate of Conflict. The links between climate change, peace and war. London: International Alert.

Stern 2006: The Economics of Climate Change. The Stern Review. http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/independent_reviews/stern_review_economics_climate_change/stern_review_report.cfm (30 Juli 2007).

Tänzler, Dennis, Achim Maas and Alexander Carius 2009: Anpassungan den Klimawandel im Zeichen von Krisen und Konflikten. In: Friedenswarte 84:2, 73-92

TOL, Richad and Sebastian WAGNER 2010: Climate change and conflict in Europe over the past millennium. In: Climate Chang 99, 65-79.

UNDP 2008: Human Development Report 2007/2008. Fighting Climate Change. New York: UNDP.

UNEP 2009: From Conflict to Peacebuilding. The Role of Natural Resources and the Environment. Nairobi: UNEP.

UNHCR 2008: Climate Change, Natural Disasters and Human Displacement: A UNHCR Perspective, 23 October 2008. Available at: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/492bb6b92.html (1 December 2009).

UNPD 2008: World Population Prospects. The 2008 Revision. Available at http://esa.un.org/unpp/ (4 January 2010).

UNSC 2007: Letter dated 5 April 2007 from the Permanent Representative of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland to the United Nations addressed to the President of the Security Council (S/2007/186). 5663rd Meeting. S/PV.5663. New York: United Nations.

UNSG 2009: Climate Change and its Possible Security Implications. Report of the UN Secretary-General. Available at http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/ doc/UNDOC/GEN/N09/509/46/PDF/N0950946.pdf?OpenElement (6 November 2009).

Vergara, Walter (ed) 2009: Assessing the Potential Consequences of Climate Destabilization in Latin America. Sustainable Development Working Paper 32. Available at http://irispublic.worldbank.org/85257559006C22E9/All+Documents/85257559006C22E9852575D600577B9B/$File/SDWP%2032%20June%202009.pdf (4 November 2009).

WBGU 2007: World in Transition – Climate Change as a Security Risk. Berlin and Heidelberg: Springer.

Welzer, Harald 2008: Klimakriege. Wofür im 21. Jahrhundert getötet wird. Berlin: Fischer.

WWF 2008: Climate Change in Southern Caucasus: Impacts on Nature, People and Society. Available at http://assets.wwf.no/downloads/climate_ changes_caucasus___wwf_2008___final_april_2009.pdf (16 Abril 2009).

Descarga artículo

Crossmark

Métricas

Publicado

2023-02-13

Cómo citar

Carius A. . y Maas A. . (2023). Cambio climático, recursos naturales y conflicto. Revista Española de Desarrollo y Cooperación, 26, 99-120. https://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/REDC/article/view/86666

ACM
ACS
APA
ABNT
Chicago
Harvard
IEEE
MLA
Turabian
Vancouver

Descargar cita

Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX

Número

Vol. 26 (2010): Monográfico: Seguridad y Desarrollo

Sección

Artículos

Licencia

Revista Española de Desarrollo y Cooperación, para fomentar el intercambio global del conocimiento, facilita el acceso sin restricciones a sus contenidos desde el momento de su publicación en la presente edición electrónica, y por eso es una revista de acceso abierto. Los originales publicados en esta revista son propiedad de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid y es obligatorio citar su procedencia en cualquier reproducción total o parcial. Todos los contenidos se distribuyen bajo una licencia de uso y distribución Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0 (CC BY 4.0). Esta circunstancia ha de hacerse constar expresamente de esta forma cuando sea necesario. Puede consultar la versión informativa y el texto legal de la licencia.

Cambio climático, recursos naturales y conflicto

Resumen

Descarga artículo

Crossmark

Métricas

Licencia

Idioma

Información

Logos

Enviar un artículo

Turnitin

RRSS