Hacia la emancipación de las mujeres para la seguridad alimentaria: ¿puede la investigación-acción participativa forjar el camino?
- Patricia Williams Mount Saint Vincent University
- Manfred Egbe Mount Saint Vincent University
- Chloe Pineau Mount Saint Vincent University
- Madeleine Waddington Nova Scotia Health Authority
- Sarah Shaw Sustain Nutrition, St. John’s, Newfoundland, and Labrador Canada
Résumé
En este articulo nos basamos en una revisión documental de datos cualitativos −de la investigación participativa sobre el coste de los alimentos de 2001-2017 realizada por FoodARC y su socios en Nueva Escocia (NE), Canadá− sobre las experiencias de mujeres con la inseguridad alimentaria (IA) y las implicaciones de su participación en la investigación de acción participativa (IAP), para examinar: 1) el estigma, la vergüenza, la marginación y la exclusión inducidas por la IA experimentada por mujeres con bajos ingresos, solitarias y ama de case en NE y el impacto para su salud y bienestar; 2) cómo los enfoques de IAP han contribuido a la capacidad de oponerse a la vergüenza y al desarrollo de otras capacidades a nivel individual, organizacional, comunitario y de sistemas para abordar la IA. Los resultados demuestran evidencia de empoderamiento personal y colectivo de las mujeres por participación en la IAP. Las mujeres han co-creado conocimientos y agencia personal y colectiva que han servido para ayudar a cambiar el discurso sobre la IA hacia enfoques más avanzados.
Téléchargements
Références
Activating Change Together for Community Food Security (ACT for CFS). (2014). Making Food Matter: Strategies for Activating Change Together. Halifax, NS: Food Action Research Centre (FoodARC), Mount Saint Vincent University.
Aggarwall, R. (2000). “Traversing lines of control: feminist anthropology today”. The Annals of the American academy of political and social sciences, 571 (9): 14-29
Ahmedani, Brian K. (2011). “Mental health stigma: society, individuals, and the profession”. Journal of Social Work Values and Ethics, 8(2), 1-14.
Andree, Peter; Langille, Lynn; Clement, Chantal et al. (2016). “Structural constraints and enablers to community food security in Nova Scotia, Canada”. Journal of Hunger & Environmental Nutrition. Doi:10.1080/19320248.2016.1157547
Arellano, Rubí; Balcázar, Fabricio; Alvarado, Francisco et al. (2015). “A participatory action research method in a rural community of Mexico”. Universitas Psychologica, 14(4): 1197-1208. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.upsy14-4.parm
Bronfenbrenner, Urie (1977). “Toward an experimental ecology of human development”. American Psychologist, 32(7): 513-531.
Bronfenbrenner, Urie (1979). The ecology of human development experiments by nature and design. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
Bronfenbrenner, Urie (1994). “Ecological Models of Human Development”, en: Torsten Husén; Neville Postlethwaiten (Eds.), International Encyclopedia of Education. Vol. 3, Oxford: Elsevier, 1643-1647.
Brown, Brené (2006). “Shame Resilience Theory: A Grounded Theory Study on Women and Shame”. Families in Society, 87(1): 43–52. https://doi.org/10.1606/1044-3894.3483
Bruce, Niklas; Daly, Elaine; Horton, Paul (2013). The critical role of social capital in strategic sustainable development: A study of the art of hosting and harvesting conversations that matter in the European Commission and Columbus Ohio. Master Thesis. Belkinge Institute of Technology, Karlskrona, Sweden.
Bryant, Toba (2002). “Role of knowledge in public health and health promotion policy change”. Health Promotion International, 17(1): 89-98. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/17.1.89
Carlisle, Sandra (2000). “Health promotion, advocacy and health inequalities: A conceptual framework”. Health Promotion Internation,15(4):369-76.
Cattell, Vicky (2001). “Poor people, poor places, and poor health: The mediating role of social networks and social capital”. Social Science and Medicine, 52(10): 1501-1516. https://doi.org/10.1016
/S0277-9536(00)00259-8
Ciciurkaite, Gabriele; Brown, Robyn (2018). “Food insecurity, psychological distress and alcohol use: Understanding the salience of family roles for gender disparities”. Health Sociology Review, 27(3): 294-311.
Crocker, Jennifer, Major, Brenda; Steele, Claude (1998). “Social stigma”, en Daniel Gilbert, Susan Fiske y Gardner Lindzey (Eds.), Handbook of social psychology. Vol. 2, 4th ed., New York: McGraw-Hill, 504-553
Dachner, Naomi; Tarasuk, Valerie (2002). “Homeless "squeegee kids": food insecurity and daily survival”. Social Science and Medicine, 54(7): 1039-1049.
De Schutter, Olivier (2012). Report of the Special Rapporteur in the right to food: Mission to Canada. Disponible en línea: https://foodsecurecanada.org/sites/foodsecurecanada.org/files/20120321
_SRRTF_Aide-mémoire_Canada.pdf.
Dietitians of Canada (2008). Monitoring the cost of a nutritious food basket: a snapshot of activity across Canada. Vancouver: Dietitians of Canada, BC Region
Dolezal, Luna; Lyons, Barry (2017). “Health-related shame: An affective determinant of health?” Medical Humanities, 43(4): 257-263.
Egbe, Manfred (2016). The Economic Crisis, Food Insecurity and Hunger: Sub-Sahara African immigrants in the ‘land of plenty' – Tarragona, Lleida. Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, España. Doctoral Dissertation. Universitat Rovira i Virgili. Disponible en linea: http://hdl.handle.net
/20.500.11797/TDX2345
FAO (2015). Statistics: Voices of the Hungry, measuring food insecurity through people’s experiences. Disponible en línea: http://www.fao.org/economic/ess
/ess-fs/voices/en/.
Food Secure Canada (2016). Paying for nutrition: A report on food costing in the north. Disponible en: https://foodsecurecanada.org/sites/foodsecurecanada.org/files/201609_paying_for
_nutrition_fsc_report_final_wt_erratum.pdf. Visto el 12 de febrero de 2020.
Food Secure Canada (2020). Growing resilience and equity: A food policy action plan in the context of Covid-19. Food Secure Canada. Disponible en línea: https://foodsecurecanada.org/2020-growing-resilience-equity.
Frank, Lesley; Waddington, Madeleine; Sim, Meaghan et al. (2020). “The cost and affordability of growing and feeding a baby in Nova Scotia”. Canadian Journal of Public Health. Doi: https://doi.org
/10.17269/s41997-020-00306-5
Freire, Paulo. (2005). Pedagogy of the oppressed. New York: Continuum.
Gaetz, Stephen; Tarasuk, Valerie; Dachner, Naomi et al. (2006). “"Managing" homeless youth in Toronto”. Canadian Review of Social Policy, 58: 43-61.
Green, Lawrence; George, Anne; Daniel, Mark et al. (1995). Study of Participatory Research in Health Promotion, Review and Recommendations for the Development of Participatory Research in Health Promotion in Canada. Ontario: Royal Society of Canada.
Guba, Egon; Lincoln, Yvonna (1994). “Competing Paradigms in Qualitative Research”, en Norman Denzin y Yvonna Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of Qualitative Research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Habermas, Jürgen (1968). Knowledge and human interests. Boston, MA: Beacon Press.
Halifax Food Policy Alliance. (2019). Halifax Regional Municipality Food Charter. Disponible en: https://halifaxfoodpolicy.ca/food-charter/. Visto el 16 de enero de 2020.
Halifax Regional Municipality (2019). Municipal role in supporting food security (Project 21769). Disponible en: https://www.halifax.ca/sites/default/files/documents/city-hall/regional-council/191203rc1532.pdf. Visto el 20 de enero de 2020.
Hamelin, Anne-Marie; Beaudry, Micheline; Habicht, Jean-Pierre (2002). “Characterization of household food insecurity in Québec: Food and feelings”. Social Science and Medicine (1982), 54(1): 119-132.
Hamelin, Anne-Marie; Habicht, Jean-Pierre; & Beaudry, Micheline. (1999). “Food insecurity: consequences for the household and broader social implications”. Journal of Nutrition, 129, 525–528.
Hanson, Yvonne; Prairie Women's Health Center of Excellence; Canadian Electronic Library (2011). Recipes for food insecurity women's stories from Saskatchewan (DesLibris Documents Collection). Winnipeg, Manitoba.: Prairie Women's Health Centre of Excellence.
Hardin-Fanning, Frances; Rayens, Mary Kay (2015). “Food Cost Disparities in Rural Communities”. Health Promotion Practice, 16(3): 383-391.
Hatzenbuehler, Mark (2017). “Structural stigma and health”, en Brenda Major, John Dovidio y Bruce Link, (Eds.) The Oxford handbook of stigma, discrimination, and health, 105. Disponible en línea: https://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190243470.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780190243470. Visto el 22 de febrero de 2020.
Hatzenbuehler, Mark; Phelan, Jo; Link, Bruce (2013). “Stigma as a fundamental cause of population health inequalities”. American journal of public health, 103(5): 813-821.
Health Canada (2009). The nutritious food basket guidance document. Ministry of Health Promotion. Disponible en: https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/food-nutrition/food-nutrition-surveillance/national-nutritious-food-basket.html. Visto el 12 de marzo de 2020.
Huault, Isabelle; Perret, Véronique; Spicer, André (2010). “Rethinking emancipation in organization studies. In the light of Jacques Rancière’s philosophy”. Symposium on the Aesthetics and Politics of Organizations, 2010, St Gallen, Switzerland.
Israel, Barbara; Schulz, Amy; Parker, Edith et al. (1998). “Review of Community-Based Research: Assessing Partnership Approaches to Improve Public Health”. Annual Review of Public Health, 19(1): 173-202.
Ivey, Allen E., Pedersen, Paul B., Ivey, Mary B. (2001). Intentional group counseling: A microskills approach. Beverly Hills, CA: Brooks/Cole.
Jarrett, Robin; Sensoy Bahar Ozge; Odoms-Young, Angela (2014). “"You Just Have to Build a Bridge and Get Over It": Low-Income African American Caregivers' Coping Strategies to Manage Inadequate Food Supplies”. Journal of Poverty, 18(2): 188-219.
Johnson, Christine; Williams, Patricia; Gillis, Doris (2015). “The capacity building experience of women engaged in determining the cost and affordability of health food in Nova Scotia, Canada”. Journal of Hunger and Environmental Nutrition, 10(3): 356–378.
Keene, Danya; Cowan, Sarah; Baker, Amy (2015). “"When you're in a crisis like that, you don't want people to know": Mortgage strain, stigma, and mental health”. American Journal of Public Health, 105(5): 1008-1012.
KFL & A Public Health (2017). Cost of healthy eating. Kingston, ON: Author. Disponible en línea https://www.kflaph.ca/en/healthy-living/Cost-of-Healthy-Eating.aspx.
Kidger, Judy (2004). “Including young mothers: Limitations to New Labour’s strategy for supporting teenage parents”. Critical Social Policy, 24(3): 291-311.
Knaak, Stephanie (2005). “Breast-feeding, Bottle-feeding and Dr. Spock: The Shifting Context of Choice*”. The Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology, 42(2): 197-216.
Knezevic, Irena; Hunter, Heather; Watt, Cynthia et al. (2014). “Food Insecurity and Participation: a critical discourse analysis”. Critical Discourse Studies, 11(2): 230–245.
Kolb, David (1984). Experiential learning: experience as the source of learning and development. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Kukla, Rebecca. (2006). “Ethics and Ideology in Breastfeeding Advocacy Campaigns”. Hypatia, 21(1): 157-180.
Labonte, Ronald; Feather, Joan; Health Canada. (1996). Handbook on using stories in health promotion practice. Ottawa: Health Canada.
Leaning, Jennifer; Arie, Sam (2001). “Human Security: A Framework for Assessment in Conflict and Transition”. HCPDS Working Paper Series. 11.
Lee, Amanda; Mhurchu, Cliona Ni; Sacks, Gary et al. (2013). “Monitoring the price and affordability of foods and diets globally”. Obesity Reviews, 14(S1): 82-95.
Levkoe, Charles (2014). “The food movement in Canada: a social movement network perspective”. The Journal of Peasant Studies, 41(3): 385-403, DOI: 10.1080/03066150.2014.910766
Lewis, Meron; Lee, Amanda (2016). “Costing 'healthy' food baskets in Australia - a systematic review of food price and affordability monitoring tools, protocols and methods”. Public Health Nutrition, 19(16): 2872-2886.
Link, Bruce; Phelan, Jo (2001). “Conceptualizing stigma”. Annual Review of Sociology, 27: 363-385.
Link, Bruce; Struening, Elmer; Neese-Todd, Sheree et al. (2001). “Stigma as a barrier to recovery: The consequences of stigma for the self-esteem of people with mental illnesses”. Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.), 52(12): 1621–1626. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.52.12.1621
MacAulay, Rita (2005). Mapping the Social Relations Shaping the Everyday Lives of Single Mothers Who are Food Insecure in Nova Scotia. Mount Saint Vincent University. NS. Master’s Thesis. Mount Saint Vincent University.
Major, Brenda; Schmader, Toni (2017). “Stigma, Social Identity Threat, and Health” en, Major, Brenda; Dovidio, John; Link, Bruce (Eds.) The Oxford handbook of stigma, discrimination, and health, 85. Disponible en línea: https://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190243470
.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780190243470. Visto el 22 de Febrero de 2020.
Marston, Greg (2008). “A war on the poor: Constructing welfare and work in the twenty-first century”. Critical Discourse Studies, 5(4): 359-370.
Martin, Michael; Maddocks, Emily; Chen, Yue et al. (2016). “Food insecurity and mental illness: Disproportionate impacts in the context of perceived stress and social isolation”. Public Health, 132: 86-91.
McIntyre, Lynn; Connor, Sarah; Warren, James (2000). “Child hunger in Canada: results of the 1994 National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth”. Canadian Medical Association Journal. 163(8): 961-965.
McIntyre, Lynn; Williams, Patricia; Glanville, Theresa (2007). “Milk as Metaphor: Low-Income Lone Mothers' Characterization of their Challenges Acquiring Milk for their Families”. Journal of Ecology of Food and Nutrition, 46(3-4): 263-279, DOI: 10.1080/03670240701407640
Middleton, Georgia; Mehta, Kaye; McNaughton, Darlene et al. (2018). “The experiences and perceptions of food banks amongst users in high-income countries: An international scoping review”. Appetite, 120: 698-708, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2017.10.029
Ministry of Agriculture and Agri-Food (2019). Food policy for Canada: Everyone at the table. Disponible en: https://www.canada.ca/content/dam/aafc-aac/documents/20190614-en.pdf. Visto el 3 de Mayo de 2020.
Monteith, Hiliary; Anderson, Barbara; Williams, Patricia (2019). “Capacity building and personal empowerment: Participatory food costing in Nova Scotia, Canada”. Health Promotion International, 35(2): 321-330.
Murphy, Elizabeth (2000). “Risk, Responsibility, and Rhetoric in Infant Feeding”. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 29(3): 291-325.
Newell, Felicia (2018). Exploring the link between food insecurity, social stigma and social marginalization among low-income lone mothers. Mount Saint Vincent University. NS. Master’s Thesis. Mount Saint Vincent University.
Noseworthy Beverley L.; Williams Patricia L.; Blum Ilya, el al. (2011). “The availability and relative cost of locally produced foods in grocery stores in Nova Scotia”. J. of hunger & environmental nutrition; 6(2): 188-206.
Nova Scotia Nutrition Council (1988). How do the poor afford to eat? Halifax, NS: Nova Scotia Nutrition Council, 1988.
Office of Health Promotion and Protection. 2005. Healthy Eating Nova Scotia. Disponible en: http://www.gov.ns.ca/ohp/healthyEating.html. Visto el 14 de Mayo de 2020.
Pabani, Nadia; Lordly, Daphne; Knezevic, Irena et al. (2020). “Student Engagement with Community-Based Participatory Food Security Research: Exploring Reflections through Photovoice”. Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research, 1-5, DOI: 10.3148/cjdpr-2020-017.
Pak, Tae-Young; Kim, Gwanseon (2019). “Food stamps, food insecurity, and health outcomes among elderly Americans”. Preventive Medicine, 130:105871.
Parry, Ken (2004). “Constant Comparison”, en Lewis-Beck, Michael; Bryman, Alan; Liao, Tim Futing (Eds.). The Sage encyclopedia of social science research methods. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage; 2004:180-181.
Pineau, Chloe; Brady, Jennifer; Frank, Lesley et al. (2021). “Exploring experiences of food insecurity, stigma, social exclusion, and shame among women in high-income countries: A narrative review”. Canadian Food Studies (submitted).
Power, Elaine.M.; Little, Margaret.H.; Collins, Patricia A. (2014). “Should Canadian health promoters support a food stamp-style program to address food insecurity?”. Health Promotion International, 30(1), 184-193.
Power, Elaine (2005). “The Unfreedom of Being Other: Canadian Lone Mothers’ Experiences of Poverty and ‘Life on the Cheque’”. Sociology, 39(4): 643-660.
Power, Elaine; Belyea, Susan; Collins, Patricia (2019). ““It’s not a food issue; it’s an income issue”: Using Nutritious Food Basket costing for health equity advocacy”. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 110(3): 294-302.
Public Health Agency of Canada (2010). About Community Action Program for Children (CAPC). Disponible en línea: https://www.canada.ca/en/publichealth/services/healthpromotion
/childhood-adolescence/programs-initiatives/community-action-program-children-capc.html.
Purdam, Kingsley; Garratt, Elisabeth; Esmail, Aneez (2016). “Hungry? Food Insecurity, Social Stigma and Embarrassment in the UK”. Sociology, 50(6): 1072-1088.
Reason, Peter (2000). “Three approaches to participative inquiry”. en: Norman Denzin, Yvonna Lincoln, (eds.) Handbook of qualitative research. 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE; 2000. p. 324-37.
Reid, Colleen; Tom, Allison (2006). “Poor Women's Discourses of Legitimacy, Poverty, and Health”. Gender and Society, 20(3): 402-421.
Reid, Collen; Herbert, Carol (2005). ““Welfare moms and welfare bums”: Revisiting poverty as a social determinant of health”. Health Sociology Review, 14, 161-173.
Reutter, Linda; Stewart, Miriam; Veenstra, Gerry et al. (2009). “"Who do they think we are, anyway?": perceptions of and responses to poverty stigma”. Qualitative health research, 19(3), 297–311. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732308330246.
Rosa, Tracey L.; Ortolano, Stephanie E.; Dickin, Katherine L. (2018). “Remembering food insecurity: low-income parents’ perspectives on childhood experiences and implications for measurement”. Appetite, 121, 1-8.
Shaw, Sarah (2014). Growing food security from the ground up: A case study of the Kids Action Program. Mount Saint Vincent University. NS. Master’s Thesis. Mount Saint Vincent University.
Tam, Theresa. (2019). Addressing stigma: towards a more inclusive health system. Government of Canada. https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/corporate/publications/chief-public-health-officer-reports-state-public-health-canada/addressing-stigma-toward-more-inclusive-health-system.html
Tarasuk, Valerie (2001). “Household Food Insecurity with Hunger Is Associated with Women’s Food Intakes, Health and Household Circumstances”. The Journal of Nutrition, 131(10): 2670-2676.
Tarasuk, Valerie; Dachner, Naomi (2009). “The Proliferation of Charitable Meal Programs in Toronto”. Journal of Canadian Public Policy, 35(4): 1911-9917.
Tarasuk, Valerie; Mitchell, Andy (2020). Household food insecurity in Canada, 2017-18. Toronto: Research to identify policy options to reduce food insecurity. PROOF. Disponible en línea: https://proof.utoronto.ca/
Thompson, Claire; Smith, Dianna; Cummins, Steven (2018). “Understanding the health and wellbeing challenges of the food banking system: A qualitative study of food bank users, providers and referrers in London”. Social Science and Medicine (1982), 211: 95-101. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016
/j.socscimed.2018.05.030
Waddington, Madeleine (2016). Breastfeeding support in Nova Scotia: Exploring the gap between policy, health professionals’ work practices and the everyday experience of mothers facing food insecurity. Mount Saint Vincent University. NS. Master’s Thesis. Mount Saint Vincent University.
Wallerstein, Nina; Oetzel, John; Duran, Bonnie et al. (2008). “What Predicts Outcomes in CBPR?” en: Meredith Minkler; Nina Wallerstein (Eds), Community-Based Participatory Research for Health: From Process to Outcomes. 2nd ed. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass: 371-392.
Whittle, Henry; Leddy, Anna; Shieh, Jacqueline et al. (2019). “Precarity and health: Theorizing the intersection of multiple material-need insecurities, stigma, and illness among women in the United States”. Social Science and Medicine (1982), 245, 112683. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed
.2019.112683
Wilkinson, Richard G. (1996). Unhealthy societies: The afflictions of inequality. London: Routledge.
Williams, Patricia (2014). “I would have never? A Critical Examination of Women’s Agency for Food Security Through Participatory Action Research”, en Janet Page-Reeves (Ed.), Off the Edge of the Table: Women Redefining the Limits of the Food System and the Experience of Food Insecurity. Lexington Books: 7391-8527.
Williams, Patricia; MacAulay, Rita; Anderson, Barbara; et al. (2012). ““I Would Have Never Thought That I Would Be in Such a Predicament”: Voices from Women Experiencing Food Insecurity in Nova Scotia, Canada”. Journal of Hunger & Environmental Nutrition, 7(2): 253-270.
Williams, Patricia; McIntyre, Lynn; Glanville, Theresa (2010). “Milk Insecurity: Accounts of a Food Insecurity Phenomenon in Canada and its Relation to Public Policy”. Journal of Hunger and Environmental Nutrition, 5(2): 142-157.
Williams, Patricia; Watt, Cynthia; Amero, Michelle; et al. (2012). “Affordability of a Nutritious Diet for Income Assistance Recipients in Nova Scotia (2002-2010)”. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 103(3): 183–188.
Wu, Zheng; Schimmele, Christoph (2005). “Food Insufficiency and Depression”. Sociological Perspectives, 48(4): 481-5.
##submission.format##
##submission.crossmark##
Licence
La Revista de Antropología Social, para fomentar el intercambio global del conocimiento, facilita el acceso sin restricciones a sus contenidos desde el momento de su publicación en la presente edición electrónica, y por eso es una revista de acceso abierto. Los originales publicados en esta revista son propiedad de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid y es obligatorio citar su procedencia en cualquier reproducción total o parcial. Todos los contenidos se distribuyen bajo una licencia de uso y distribución Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0 (CC BY 4.0). Esta circunstancia ha de hacerse constar expresamente de esta forma cuando sea necesario. Puede consultar la versión informativa y el texto legal de la licencia.
