AVANZACT: protocolo e intervención psicoterapéutica en cáncer avanzado basados en Terapia de Aceptación y Compromiso
- Luis Daniel Placer García Hospital Universitario La Paz https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1603-1222
- Marta Torrijos Zarcero Hospital Universitario La Paz https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1570-0918
- Cristina Rocamora González Obra Social La Caixa. Madrid https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9916-1378
- Ainoa Muñoz San José Hospital Universitario La Paz https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2705-9913
- Ángela Isidora Palao Tarrero https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2717-5807
Resumen
Objetivo: las personas con cáncer avanzado presentan mayor riesgo de problemas de salud mental como ansiedad, depresión e insomnio, que repercuten negativamente en su calidad de vida. Aunque la psicoterapia ha demostrado ser eficaz para abordar estos problemas, su aplicación en esta población presenta desafíos como su escasa representación en los estudios, barreras de acceso debido a las particularidades de su situación y la falta de homogeneidad en los procedimientos psicoterapéuticos estudiados. Es fundamental investigar la psicoterapia específicamente en el contexto del cáncer avanzado y desarrollar intervenciones que sean replicables. Método: revisión narrativa de la literatura sobre intervenciones psicoterapéuticas en cáncer avanzado, con especial atención a intervenciones basadas en terapias contextuales. En base a esta revisión, se propone el protocolo de intervención AVANZACT, un programa psicoterapéutico diseñado para implementarse de manera grupal y online. Resultados: la revisión de la literatura destaca la Terapia de Aceptación y Compromiso como un enfoque prometedor por su énfasis en la aceptación del sufrimiento y en los valores personales, ayudando a las personas a mejorar el ajuste a la enfermedad mediante un afrontamiento activo y centrado en áreas vitales significativas. El protocolo AVANZACT, descrito de forma pormenorizada para su implementación, puede realizarse de manera replicable y permitiendo evaluar su aplicabilidad y eficacia. Conclusiones: La implementación de AVANZACT en el ámbito de los Cuidados Paliativos podría reducir las barreras de acceso a la psicoterapia, proporcionando una experiencia grupal que fomente el apoyo mutuo y el empoderamiento de las personas con cáncer avanzado.
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