AVANZACT: protocol and psychotherapeutic intervention in advanced cancer based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy

Abstract

Objective: Individuals with advanced cancer present a higher risk of mental health problems such as anxiety, depression, and insomnia, which negatively impact their quality of life. Although psychotherapy has proven to be effective in addressing these issues, its application in this population presents challenges such as their low representation in studies, access barriers due to the particularities of their condition, and the lack of homogeneity in the psychotherapeutic procedures studied. It is essential to investigate psychotherapy specifically in the context of advanced cancer and to develop interventions that are replicable. Method: A narrative review of the literature on psychotherapeutic interventions in advanced cancer was conducted, with special attention to interventions based on contextual therapies. Based on this review, the AVANZACT intervention protocol is proposed, a psychotherapeutic program designed to be implemented in a group and online format. Results: The literature review highlights Acceptance and Commitment Therapy as a promising approach due to its emphasis on the acceptance of suffering and on personal values, helping individuals to improve adjustment to illness through active coping focused on meaningful life areas. The AVANZACT protocol, described in detail for its implementation, can be carried out in a replicable way and allows for the evaluation of its applicability and efficacy. Conclusions: The implementation of AVANZACT in the field of Palliative Care could reduce barriers to accessing psychotherapy, providing a group experience that fosters mutual support and the empowerment of individuals with advanced cancer.