Innovating to represent: hard-to-represent workers and trade union strategies in Spain
Abstract
The diversification of work and employment situations in Spain is causing important difficulties for workers to have collective representation. Many of these situations are far from new, such as those of bogus or dependent self-employed workers, those of employees in small workplaces and those of workers with short-term jobs. Other situations are new, such as platform workers. The article analyzes strategies and practices developed by trade unions, riders’ associations, cleaning maids and home care assistants in order to respond to these difficulties. The article shows growing experimentation in strategies and practices aimed at representing these groups of workers, by the most representative but also smaller trade unions. Moreover, the article also explores the representation strategies carried out by abovementioned associations.
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