The origin of caring behaviors: hygiene and social care in Homo neanderthalensis. A critical review
- Andrea García-Basanta andrea.garciabasanta@estudiante.uam.es
- Francesca Romagnoli andrea.garciabasanta@estudiante.uam.es
Abstract
Since the 20th century, Neanderthal pathologies have been studied by analysing their bones. However, healthcare in Middle Palaeolithic populations and its subsequent behavioural implications have not been studied until very recently. In the last decade, some authors began to consider this topic for a better understanding of Palaeolithic societies based on the Bioarchaeology of Care. This paper is the first critical review of data on Neanderthals. The study includes 16 sites located in Europe and Asia. It allows us to discuss health behaviours and their implications at the individual, population and social levels. This research shows that care behaviours were systematically attested in these populations and allows us to discuss technical and social aspects and to infer cognitive and emotional capacities. This research has important social implications and contributes to the creation of a direct link between the Middle Palaeolithic and the social aspects of healthcare that we have experienced in recent years, due to COVID-19, putting Palaeolithic Archaeology at the centre of a reflection on "what makes us human" and highlighting its role in proposing issues that have a significant impact on the most current debates in our contemporary world.
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