Cattle smugglers and evasion networks in Navarre during the spanish civil war

Abstract

The following article analyses and discusses the three most crucial evasion networks set up in Navarre during the Spanish Civil War. Among all those networks, only the system set it Alava was partially well-known. The sources used for writing this article are the following: Newspapers, Pamplona´s penitentiary center´s records, documents from the provincial offices of the State Agency for Tax Administration, and from what is known as "Tribunal de Responsabilidades Políticas y de los Tribunales Militares," and various interviews from the seventies. The article shows that the prime movers of those evasion networks before July of 1936 were cattle smugglers. After 1936 those smugglers expanded their businesses to money laundering and the evasion of left-leanings and nationalists. Those activities were carried out with the help and connivance of the new authorities of the period.