In search of the lost ἄν: the syntagms with ἄχρι(ς) and μέχρι(ς) in Galen
Abstract
The use of ἄχρι(ς) and μέχρι(ς) by Galen presents these features. 1. Before a vowel he writes ἄχρις and μέχρις. 2. He uses ἄχρι(ς) after a consonant, and μέχρι(ς) after a vowel. 3. When the adverbs introduce a temporal sentence, they refer to the present-future and have Subjunctive and ἄν. The verbal aspect is aorist more often than not, and consequently the meaning usually is “until”; at times the aspect is present and the meaning is “while”. 4. Galen writes ἄχριπερ and μέχριπερ followed by ἄν and Subjunctive. According to the TLG he is the first to use ἄχριπερ. Most probably he took μέχριπερ from Plato, and created the counterpart ἄχριπερ in order to keep to his norm of writing ἄχρι- after consonant and μέχρι- after vowel. 5. Accordingly I suggest some errors in the transmission and their causes. 6. The Pseudo-Galen is unrelated to those Galen’s features.
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