“… das einzig taugliche Princip ein beharrliches Ganzes unter wiedersinnischen Köpfen möglich zu machen…” Kants Gemeinschaftsphilosophie vom commercium der Substanzen bis zum ethischen Staat

Abstract

We briefly present the problem of society and social order as a specifically modern problem (and, in this sense, alien to the classical world), underscoring the solution that Modernity gave to it, namely: the idea (hegemonic in 17th and 18th century) of market as an interaction system based on antagonism and reciprocity, independent of every extern support and able to function utterly autonomously. In connection with this, we examine the kantian model of community and take notice of the presence of this self-regulating mechanism, which in many ways reflects the newtonian model of physics. The starting point for this analysis is Kant's concept of commercium of substances (from the General History of Nature and Theory of the Heavens of 1775 to trascendental philosophy), but it also discuss the logic of juridical community and finally deals with the notion of ethical community as it appears in 1793 Kant's book on religion.