Economic (in)security, poverty and vulnerability in older adults in Mexico

Abstract

In this article we address the issue of economic security in old age from a human rights perspective, and as one of the central problems of Mexican society. In addition to quantifying the income of older adults by source and by importance to their household, we estimate their levels of poverty, the major determinants of those levels, their lack of food and health care, and their economic vulnerability. We use a quantitative methodology based on data from the 2020 National Survey of Household Income and Expenses. We conclude that although the income of those aged 65 years or older is a very important part of household income, approximately half of such persons live in conditions of poverty, in many cases lacking full access to sufficient food and health care, and with elevated levels of vulnerability— that is, with a low probability of escaping this situation. The magnitude and complexity of this problem call for a comprehensive strategy from the state, one that promotes policies to guarantee the economic security and social rights of older persons, with an emphasis on improving pension and labor income, and on improving the coverage and quality of social services, especially in public health.