Assessing Kazakhstan´s proposal to host a nuclear fuel bank

Abstract

Arms control advocates seek mechanisms to discourage the spread of proliferation-sensitive technologies. Most plans envision bringing nuclear fuel cycle technologies under greater multilateral control. Proposals to establish one or more nuclear fuel banks clearly fit within this framework. Under this arrangement, countries can “borrow” any fuel they need for their nuclear power reactors from a repository under IAEA control. Kazakhstan has offered to consider establishing an international nuclear fuel bank on its territory. The country has certain attributes that could make it a good candidate for a fuel bank. For example, Kazakhstan is a major player in the international uranium market, it has good relations with many countries, and its government has established a strong non-proliferation record. However, there are concerns among domestic and foreign observers about the Kazakh government’s ambitious program, relations with proliferation-prone countries; and public opposition in Kazakhstan to nuclear activities.