American Trade in 19th-Century Philippines. The Role of Trading Houses (1832–1861)
Abstract
This paper examines the role of U.S. consuls in Manila during the 19th century, focusing on their trade relations and the documentation sent to the Department of State. Consular documentation from 1832 to 1861 is particularly interesting in records of ship entries and departures, as well as certificates issued for commercial transactions, providing insight into the consolidation of U.S. trading houses in the 19th century Philippines
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