Juscomparatista Environmental Problems of the Oil Refineries in Esmeralda and Puertollano

Abstract

This research conducts a comparative analysis of the environmental issues between the oil refineries in Esmeraldas, Ecuador, and Puertollano, Spain, with a particular focus on a legal and comparative evaluation framework. The petroleum sector constitutes the main source of export and economic dependency in some nations, and it also provides employment opportunities in the energy sector. This is the case in the province of Esmeraldas, which is home to one of Ecuador's largest refineries. While the refinery generates significant income for the nation, it is also a major cause of pollution in the country's natural areas. A similar case can be found with the Puertollano refinery in Spain, which has been identified by the United Nations as one of the largest emitters of CO2 in the world, resulting in damage to ecosystems and affecting human health. Since these refineries are vital for employment and the economy in their respective nations, their elimination is not feasible. Instead, it is necessary to analyse the issue from a legal perspective to identify any legal gaps regarding the social responsibility of the petroleum industry. The research begins with a theoretical analysis of the causes and consequences of these issues, the degree of cultural impact, and ultimately a comparison of the legal frameworks in both nations. This study aims to establish a precedent that can be used for comparison with other refineries or similar economic activities.