Political participation from two theoretical perspectives: liberal-realism and deliberative democracy
Abstract
This article reconstructs some of the central theses of the liberal-realist families of democracy in relation to political leadership and citizen participation in the two phases of thought that go from elitism to polyarchy. Deliberative democracy theory offers a critique of the minimalist view of participation and of liberal theories’ weakness in addressing the powers that are external to politics. In this sense, three pillars of the deliberative model are formulated here in order to overcome this weakness of liberalism and generate political autonomy or combat heteronomy, through: 1) transformation of preferences, 2) exercise of a communicative reason, and 3) epistemic foundations of moral beliefs.
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