The generic structure of Spanish systematic reviews in Dentistry
- Oscar Alberto Morales Universidad de los Hemisferios
- Bexi Perdomo Inova Scientific & Toulouse Lautrec
- Daniel Cassany Pompeu Fabra University
- Élix Izarra University of the Andes; University of Los Andes; Universidad de Los Andes
Abstract
Despite their academic and clinical importance, to date, there are no studies on systematic reviews in dentistry to guide authors and teachers in the field of reading and writing education. This study analyses the rhetorical structure (sections and movements) of 100 systematic reviews published in Spanish-American dental journals, available online, over the last 10 years. With a mixed qualitative and quantitative approach, following the gender analysis approach, we found that most of the texts follow the modified IMRyD format IMRDyC. Each of the sections is structured according to a clearly defined pattern. Because of their frequency of occurrence (more than 65%), the sections, the elements that make them up and their organization could be considered mandatory. These results have implications for the teaching of gender in the university environment.
References
Ahmad, U. K. (1997): Scientific research articles in Malay: A situated discourse analysis (Tesis doctoral) University of Michigan.
Alcaraz-Ariza, M. Á. y Salager-Meyer, F. (2002a): “¿Cómo ha cambiado la disensión en la prosa médica española durante el periodo 1930-1999?” Panace@, 3(7), 65-69.
Alcaraz-Ariza, M. Á. y Salager-Meyer, F. (2002b): “Género y crítica en la prosa médica escrita en español: función comunicativa y relación de poder”. Hermes, 29, 163-186.
Al-Ramadhan, N. (2011): Do systematic reviews and meta-analyses, published in the dental literature, comply with the QUOROM and PRISMA statements? Tesis doctoral. University of Liverpool.
Armstrong, R., Hall, B. J., Doyle, J., & Waters, E. (2011): “Scoping the scope’ of a Cochrane review”. Journal of Public Health, 33(1), 147-150. Doi: doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdr015
Anthony, L. (2001): “Characteristic features of research article titles in computer science”. IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication, 44(3), 187-194.
Azar, A. S., & Hashim, A. (2017): “Analysing the macroorganisational structure of the review article genre in applied linguistics”. Issues in Language Studies, 6(1), 1-28. Doi: https://doi.org/10.33736/ils.471.2017
Bassani, R., Rocha Pereira, G. K., Page, M. J., Tricco, A. C., Moher, D., & Sarkis-Onofre, R. (2019): “Systematic reviews in dentistry: Current status, epidemiological and reporting characteristics”. Journal of Dentistry, 82, 71-80. doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2019.01.014
Basturkmen, H. (2012): “A genre-based investigation of discussion sections of research articles in Dentistry and disciplinary variation”. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 11(2), 134-144. doi:10.1016/j.jeap.2011.10.004
Berkenkotter, C. & T. Huckin (1995): Genre Knowledge in Disciplinary Communication: Cognition/Culture/Power. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Bhatia, V. (1993): Analysing Genre. Language use in professional settings. Londres: Longman.
Bhatia, V. (2002a): “A generic view of academic discourse”. En J. Flowerdew (Ed.), Academic Discourse (pp. 21-39). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Bhatia, V. (2002b): “Applied genre analysis: Analytical advances and pedagogical procedures”. En A. Johns (ed), Genre in the classroom: Multiple perspectives (pp. 279-283). Londres, Gran Bretaña: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
Bhatia, V. (2002c): “Applied genre analysis: A multi-perspective model”. Ibérica, 4, pp. 3-19.
Bhatia, V. (2004): Worlds of Written Discourse. A Gender View. Londres: Continuum.
Biber, D. (1988): Variation across Speech and Writing. Nueva York: Cambridge University Press.
Biber, D., & Barbieri, F. (2007): “Lexical bundles in university spoken and written registers”. English for Specific Purposes, 26(3), 263-286. doi:10.1016/j.esp.2006.08.003
de Craen, A. J., van Vliet, H. A., & Helmerhorst, F. M. (2005): “An analysis of systematic reviews indicated low incorporation of results from clinical trial quality assessment”. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 58(3), 311-313.
Chiappelli, F. (2019): “Evidence-based dentistry: two decades and beyond”. Journal of Evidence Based Dental Practice, 19(1), 7-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebdp.2018.05.001
Cortes, V. (2013): “The purpose of this study is to: Connecting lexical bundles and moves in research article introductions”. Journal of English for academic purposes, 12(1), 33-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeap.2012.11.002
Cochrane Iberoamérica (2020): Centro Cochrane Iberoamericano. Consultado en 29-04-2020. Disponible en: https://es.cochrane.org/es
Diani, G. (2004): “Evaluation in academic review articles”. En A. Partington, J. Morley y L. Haarman (eds.), Corpora and discourse (pp. 189-203). Berlín: Peter Lang.
Dudley-Evans, T. (1989): “An outline of the value of genre analysis in LSP work”. En C. Laurén y M. Nordman (Eds.), Special Language: From Human Thinking to Thinking Machines (pp. 72-79). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
Flowerdew, L. (2015): “Corpus-based research and pedagogy in EAP: From lexis to genre”. Language Teaching, 48(1), 99-116. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444813000037
Glenny, A. M., Esposito, M., Coulthard, P., & Worthington, H. V. (2003): “The assessment of systematic reviews in dentistry”. European Journal of Oral Sciences, 111(2), 85–92. doi:10.1034/j.1600-0722.2003.00013.x
Grant, M. J., & Booth, A. (2009): “A typology of reviews: an analysis of 14 review types and associated methodologies”. Health Information & Libraries Journal, 26(2), 91-108. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-1842.2009.00848.x.
Haggan, M. (2004): “Research paper titles in literature, linguistics and science: Dimensions of attraction”. Journal of pragmatics, 36(2), 293-317. Doi: doi.org/10.1016/S0378-2166(03)00090-0
Higgins J. & Green, S. (eds.) (2011): Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0. The Cochrane Collaboration. Available from www.cochrane-handbook.org.
Holmes, R. (1997): “Genre analysis and the social science: An investigation of the structure of the research article discussion sections in three disciplines”. English for Specific Purposes, 16(4), 321-337. Doi: doi.org/10.1016/S0889-4906(96)00038-5
Hong, J. Y. (2019): “Structural use of lexical bundles in the rhetorical moves of L1 and L2 academic writing”. English Teaching, 74(3), 29-54. DOI: 10.15858/engtea.74.3.201909.29
Hopkins, A., & Dudley-Evans, T. (1988): “A genre-based investigation of the discussion sections in articles and dissertations”. English for Specific Purposes, 7, 113-121.
Hyland, K. (2002): Teaching and Researching Writing. Londres: Longman.
Hyland, K., & Diani, G. (2009): “Introduction: Academic evaluation and review genres”. En Academic Evaluation (pp. 1-14). Londres: Palgrave Macmillan.
Jayaratne, Y. & Zwahlen, R. (2015): “The evolution of dental journals from 2003 to 2012: A bibliometric analysis”. PLoS One, 10(3), 1–10. Doi: doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0119503
Johns, A. M. (2013): “The history of English for specific purposes research”. En B. Paltridge y S. Starfield (eds.), The handbook of English for specific purposes (pp. 5-30). Londres: Wiley-Blackwel.
Koffel, J. B. (2015): “Use of recommended search strategies in systematic reviews and the impact of librarian involvement: a cross-sectional survey of recent authors”. PloS one, 10(5), e0125931.
Kwan, B. S. (2006): “The schematic structure of literature reviews in doctoral theses of applied linguistics”. English for Specific Purposes, 25(1), 30-55. Doi: 10.1016/j.esp.2005.06.001
López F., C. (2002): “La comunicación del saber en los géneros académicos: recursos lingüísticos de modalidad epistémica y de evidencialidad”. En F. Luttikhuizen (ed.), V Congrés Internacional sobre llengües per a finalitats específiques. The Language of International Communication (pp. 164- 172). Barcelona: Publicacions de la Universitat de Barcelona.
Major, M. P., Major, P. W., & Flores-Mir, C. (2006): “An evaluation of search and selection methods used in dental systematic reviews published in English”. The Journal of the American Dental Association, 137(9), 1252-1257. Doi: 10.14219/jada.archive.2006.0382
Major, M. P., Major, P. W., & Flores-Mir, C. (2007): “Benchmarking of reported search and selection methods of systematic reviews by dental speciality”. Evidence-based Dentistry, 8(3), 66-70. Doi: 10.1038/sj.ebd.6400504
McAlister, F. A., Clark, H. D., van Walraven, C., Straus, S. E., Lawson, F. M., Moher, D., & Mulrow, C. D. (1999): “The medical review article revisited: has the science improved?”. Annals of Internal Medicine, 131(12), 947-951.
McGraw, K. A., & Anderson, M. J. (2009): “Analysis of the reporting of search strategies in Cochrane systematic reviews”. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 97(1), 21-30.
Mizumoto, A., Hamatani, S., & Imao, Y. (2017): “Applying the bundle–move connection approach to the development of an online writing support tool for research articles”. Language Learning, 67(4), 885-921. https://doi.org/10.1111/lang.12250
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G. & PRISMA Group (2009): “Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement”. Annals of Internal Medicine, 151(4), 264-269. Doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135
Morales, O., Cassany, D., González-Peña, C., & Tona-Romero, J. (2007): “Estudio exploratorio de artículos de revisión odontológicos publicados en revistas hispanoamericanas entre 1989 y 2005”. Estudios de Lingüística Aplicada, (45), 7-34. https://ela.enallt.unam.mx/index.php/ela/article/viewFile/586/638
Morales, O., Cassany, D., Marín-altuve, E., & González-Peña, C. (2008): “La atenuación en el discurso odontológico: casos clínicos en revistas hispanas“. Círculo de Lingüística Aplicada a la Comunicación, 34, 18-41. http://webs.ucm.es/info/circulo/no34/morales.pdf
Morales, O. A. (2010): Los géneros escritos de la odontología hispanoamericana: estructura retórica y estrategias de atenuación en artículos de investigación, casos clínicos y artículos de revisión (Tesis doctoral). Barcelona, España: Universitat Pompeu Fabra.
Morales, O. A., Cassany, D., & Díaz, N. A. (2014): “Propuesta para la escritura de resúmenes y artículos científicos odontológicos”. Acta Bioclínica, 4(8), 34-53.
Morales, O., Cassany, D., y Díaz, N. A. (2015): “Resúmenes y abstracts de artículos científicos: variaciones retóricas e implicaciones didácticas”. Acta Bioclínica, 5(9), 33-46. http://erevistas.saber.ula.ve/index.php/actabioclinica/article/download/5464/5269
Morales, O. A., Perdomo, B., Cassany, D., e Izarra, É. (2020): “Estructura retórica de tesis y trabajos de grado en Odontología: un estudio en Hispanoamérica y España”. Íkala, Revista de Lenguaje y Cultura, 25(2), 1-21. https://doi.org/1017533/udea.ikala.v25n02a06
Mulrow, C. D. (1987): “The medical review article: State of the science”. Annals of Internal Medicine,106, 485-488. Doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-106-3-485
Mulrow C. D. (1994): “Rationale for systematic reviews”. BMJ, 309:597-599.
Mungra, P. (2006): “Macrostructures and Rhetorical Moves in Secondary Research Articles”. En M. Gotti y F. Salager-Meyer (eds), Advances in Medical Discourse Analysis: Oral and Written Contexts (331-355). Berna: Peter Lang.
Myers, G. (1991): “Stories and styles in two molecular biology review articles”. En C. Bazerman y J. Paradis (eds.), Textual Dynamics of the Professions. Historical and Contemporary Studies of Writing in Professional Communities (pp. 45-75). Wisconsin: The University of Wisconsin Press.
Noguchi, J. (2006): The science review article. An opportune genre in the construction of science. Berlín: Peter Lang.
Pareja, G. & Cuenca, E. (1999): “La Odontología basada en la evidencia”. RCOE, 4(4), 395-400.
Pérez-Llantada, C. (2003): “Social pragmatics in technical writing: A corpus-based analysis of thematic articles”. Ibérica, 5, 19-34.
Richards, D. & Lawrence, A. (1995): “Evidence based dentistry”. British Dental Journal,179(7), 270-279.
Rincón, G., Narváez, E., & Roldán, C. A. (2011): “Enseñar a comprender textos escritos en la Universidad ¿qué y cómo se está haciendo?”. Lenguaje, 32.
Ruiying, Y. y Allison, D. (2003): “Research articles in applied linguistics: Moving from results to conclusions”. English for Specific Purposes, 22, 365-385. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0889-4906(02)00026-1
Ruiying, Y. & Allison, D. (2004): “Research articles in applied linguistics: Structures from a functional perspective”. English for Specific Purposes, 23(3), 264-279. Doi: 10.1016/S0889-4906(03)00005-X
Ruiz, Á. (2004): Medicina basada en evidencia. Epidemiología Clínica. Investigación Clínica Aplicada. Bogotá: Editorial Médica.
Salager-Meyer, F. (1991): “Hedging in medical discourse: 1980-1990”. Interface,6(1), 33-54.
Salager-Meyer, F. (1993): “Imprecision and vagueness (hedging) in today´s medical discourse: Courtesy, coyness or necessity?”. The ESPecialist, 14(1), 1-15.
Salager-Meyer, F. (1997): “I think that perhaps you should: A study of hedges in written scientific discourse”. En T. Miller (ed.), Functional Approaches to Written Text: Classroom Applications (pp. 105-118). Washington, DC: United States Information Agency.
Salager-Meyer, F. & Alcaraz-Ariza, M. Á. (2003): “Academic criticism in Spanish medical discourse: A cross-generic approach (1930-1999)”. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 13(1), 96-114. Doi: 10.1111/1473-4192.00039
Samraj, B. (2008): “A discourse analysis of master's theses across disciplines with a focus on introductions”. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 7(1), 55-67. 10.1016/j.jeap.2008.02.005
Samraj, B. (2013): “Form and function of citations in discussion sections of master's theses and research articles”. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 12(4), 299-310. Doi: 10.1016/j.jeap.2013.09.001
Santulli, F., & Agostini, C. (2012): “The Case against Homeopathy: A Study of the Rhetoric of Meta-Analysis”. En S. Maci & M. Sala (eds.), Genre Variation in Academic Communication. Emerging Disciplinary Trends (pp. 175-198). Bergamo, Italia: CERLIS.
Shi, H. (2010): Lexical bundles and moves in agricultural science research articles (Tesis doctoral). Suranaree University of Technology.
Skelton J. (1994): “Analysis of structure of original research papers: an aid to writing original papers for publication”. Br J Gen Pract., 44, 455-459.
Soler, V. (2007): “Writing titles in science: An exploratory study”. English for Specific Purposes, 26, 90-102. doi:10.1016/j.esp.2006.08.001
Swales, J. (1990): Genre Analysis: English in Academic Research Settings. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Swales, J. (2004): Research Genres. Explorations and Applications. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Uribe, S. (2000): “¿Qué es la Odontología Basada en la Evidencia?” Revista de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Valdivia, 2(4), 281-287.
Urrutia, G. & Bonfil, X. (2010): “Declaración PRISMA: una propuesta para mejorar la publicación de revisiones sistemáticas y metaanálisis”. Med Clin, 135(11), 507-511. Doi:10.1016/j.medcli.2010.01.015
van Tulder, M. W., Assendelft, W. J., Koes, B. W., Bouter, L. M., & Editorial Board of the Cochrane Collaboration Back Review Group. (1997): “Method guidelines for systematic reviews in the Cochrane Collaboration Back Review Group for spinal disorders”. Spine, 22(20), 2323-2330.
van Tulder, M., Furlan, A., Bombardier, C., Bouter, L., & Editorial Board of the Cochrane Collaboration Back Review Group. (2003): “Updated method guidelines for systematic reviews in the Cochrane Collaboration Back Review Group”. Spine, 28(12), 1290-1299.
Vathanalaoha, K., & Tangkiengsirisin, S. (2018): “Genre Analysis of Experiment-based Dental Research Article Abstracts”. Thai and International Journals. 3L: Language, Linguistics, Literature, 24(3). Doi: 10.17576/3L-2018-2403-01
Wright, H. R. (2016). Linguistic and Structural Analyses of Stand-Alone Literature Reviews: Seventy-Five Years of Change. Tesis doctoral, Northern Arizona University.
Wright, H. R. (2019): “Lexical bundles in stand-alone literature reviews: Sections, frequencies, and functions”. English for Specific Purposes, 54, 1–14. doi:10.1016/j.esp.2018.09.001
Format
Crossmark
License
In order to support the global exchange of knowledge, the journal Círculo de Lingüística Aplicada a la Comunicación is allowing unrestricted access to its content as from its publication in this electronic edition, and as such it is an open-access journal. The originals published in this journal are the property of the Complutense University of Madrid and any reproduction thereof in full or in part must cite the source. All content is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 use and distribution licence (CC BY 4.0). This circumstance must be expressly stated in these terms where necessary. You can view the summary and the complete legal text of the licence.
