Nota crítica sobre el libro ¿Cómo entender a los humanos?, de Pablo Rodríguez Palenzuela
- Víctor M. Longa Universidade de Santiago de Compostela https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5729-5749
Abstract
Este trabajo ofrece un análisis crítico del libro ¿Cómo entender a los humanos?, escrito por Pablo Rodríguez Palenzuela, que pretende explicar la evolución de la mente y la conducta del ser humano. En concreto, el trabajo discute cuatro aspectos tratados por el libro que disponen de grandes repercusiones en el ámbito biológico: las bases biológicas de la conducta, la adopción de la noción de lo innato, el rechazo de la oposición tradicional entre naturaleza y educación y la idea de que los genes son la materia prima de la evolución. El trabajo muestra que el libro participa de una posición gencentrista que no ayuda a reconocer la complejidad de los organismos.
Riferimenti bibliografici
Amundson, R. (2007): The Changing Role of the Embryo in Evolutionary Thought: Roots of Evo-Devo, New York, Cambridge University Press.
Ariew, A. (1999): “Innateness is canalization: In defense of a developmental account of innateness”, en V.G. Hardcastle (ed.), Where Biology Meets Psychology. Philosophical Essays, Cambridge (MA), The MIT Press, pp. 117-138. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/7220.003.0009 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/7220.003.0009
Avital, E. y E. Jablonka (2000): Animal Traditions: Behavioral Inheritance in Evolution, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511542251 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511542251
Bateson, P. (2000): “Models of memory: The case of imprinting”, en J.J. Bolhuis (ed.), Brain, Perception, Memory. Advances in Cognitive Neuroscience, Oxford, Oxford University Press, pp. 267-278. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198524823.003.0018 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198524823.003.0018
Bateson, P. (2001): “Behavioral development and Darwinian evolution”, en S. Oyama, P.E. Griffiths y R.D. Gray (eds.), Cycles of Contingencies. Developmental Systems and Evolution, Cambridge (MA), The MIT Press, pp. 149-166.
Bateson, P. y P. Gluckman (2011): Plasticity, Robustness, Development and Evolution, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511842382 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511842382
Bateson, P. y M. Mameli (2007): “The innate and the acquired: Useful clusters or a residual distinction from folk biology?”, Developmental Psychobiology, 49/8, pp. 818-831. https://doi.org/10.1002/dev.20277 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/dev.20277
Blumberg, M.S. (2005): Basic Instinct. The Genesis of Behavior, New York, Thunder’s Mouth Press.
Blumberg, M.S., J.P. Spencer y D. Shenk (eds.) (2017): “How we develop—Developmental systems and the emergence of complex behaviors”, Special issue, WIREs Cognitive Science, 8/1-2. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcs.1413 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/wcs.1413
Goodwin, B. (1994): How the Leopard Changed Its Spots. The Evolution of Complexity, New York, Charles Scribner’s Sons.
Gottlieb, G. (1971): Development of Species Identification in Birds: An Inquiry into the Prenatal Determinants of Perception, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Gottlieb, G. (1992): Individual Development and Evolution. The Genesis of Novel Behavior, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
Gottlieb, G. (1997): Synthesizing Nature-Nurture: Prenatal Roots of Instinctive Behavior, Mahwah (NJ), Lawrence Erlbaum.
Gottlieb, G. (2001): “A developmental psychobiological systems view: Early formulation and current status”, en S. Oyama, P.E. Griffiths y R.D. Gray (eds.), Cycles of Contingencies. Developmental Systems and Evolution, Cambridge (MA), The MIT Press, pp. 41-54.
Gottlieb, G. (2007): “Probabilistic epigenesis”, Developmental Science, 10/1, pp. 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1111/ j.1467-7687.2007.00556.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2007.00556.x
Griffiths, P.E. (2002): “What is innateness?”, The Monist, 85/1, pp. 70-85. https://doi.org/10.5840/monist20028518 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5840/monist20028518
Griffiths, P.E. y R.D. Gray (2001): “Darwinism and developmental systems”, en S. Oyama, P.E. Griffiths y R.D. Gray (eds.): Cycles of Contingencies. Developmental Systems and Evolution, Cambridge (MA), The MIT Press, pp. 195-218.
Griffiths, P.E. y R.D. Knight (1998): “What is the developmentalist challenge?”, Philosophy of Science, 65/2, pp. 253-258. https://doi.org/10.1086/392636 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/392636
Griffiths, P.E. y K. Stotz (2000): “How the mind grows: A developmental perspective on the biology of cognition”, Synthese, 122, pp. 29-51. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005215909498 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005215909498
Jablonka, E. y M.J. Lamb (2005): Evolution in Four Dimensions. Genetic, Epigenetic, Behavioral and Symbolic Variation in the History of Life, Cambridge (MA), The MIT Press.
Jablonka, E., y M.J. Lamb (2007): “The expanded evolutionary synthesis—a response to Godfrey-Smith, Haig, and West-Eberhard”, Biology & Philosophy, 22/3, pp. 453-472. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10539-007-9064-z DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10539-007-9064-z
Jablonka, E. y G. Raz (2009): “Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance: Prevalence, mechanisms, and implications for the study of heredity and evolution”, The Quarterly Review of Biology, 84/2, pp. 131-176. https://doi.org/10.1086/598822 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/598822
Johnston, T.D. (1987): “The persistence of dichotomies in the study of behavioral development”, Developmental Review, 7, pp. 149-182. https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-2297(87)90011-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-2297(87)90011-6
Johnston, T.D. (2010): “Developmental Systems Theory”, en M.S. Blumberg, J.H. Freeman y S.R. Robinson (eds.), Oxford Handbook of Developmental Behavioral Neuroscience, New York, Oxford University Press, pp. 12-29.
Johnston, T.D. y L. Edwards (2002): “Genes, interactions, and the development of behavior”, Psychological Review, 109/1, pp. 26-34. https://doi.org/10.1037//0033-295X.109.1.26 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037//0033-295X.109.1.26
Kaufmann, S. (1995): At Home in the Universe. The Search for the Laws of Self-Organization and Complexity, New York: Oxford University Press.
Kuo, Z.Y. (1932): “Ontogeny of embryonic behavior in aves: IV. The influence of embryonic movements upon behavior after hatching”, Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 14, pp. 109-122. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0071451 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/h0071451
Laland, K.N., T. Uller, M.W. Feldman, K. Sterelny, G.B. Müller, A. Moczek, E. Jablonka y J. Odling-Smee (2015): “The extended evolutionary synthesis: Its structure, assumptions and predictions”. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 282, 20151019. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.1019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.1019
Lehrman, D.S. (1953): “A critique of Konrad Lorenz’s theory of instinctive behavior”, The Quarterly Review of Biology, 28, pp. 337-363. https://doi.org/10.1086/399858 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/399858
Lewontin, R.C. (2000): “Foreword”, en S. Oyama, The Ontogeny of Information. Developmental Systems and Evolution, 2nd ed, Durham, Duke University Press, pp. vii-xv. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1220mm5.3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1220mm5.3
Lickliter, R. (2008): “The growth of developmental thought: Implications for a new evolutionary psychology”, New Ideas in Psychology, 26, pp. 353-369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.newideapsych.2007.07.015 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.newideapsych.2007.07.015
Lickliter, R. y H. Honeycutt (2010): “Rethinking epigenesis and evolution in light of developmental science”, en M.S. Blumberg, J.H. Freeman y S.R. Robinson (eds.), Oxford Handbook of Developmental Neuroscience, New York, Oxford University Press, pp. 30-47.
Linde Medina, M. (2010): “Natural selection and self-organization: A deep dichotomy in the study of organic form”, Ludus Vitalis, XVIII/34, pp. 25-56.
Longa, V.M. (2008): “Una visión crítica sobre la noción de ‘programa genético’ desde la biología y la lingüística: consecuencias para la conceptualización de la ontogenia del lenguaje”, Verba, 35, pp. 347-385.
Longa, V.M. (2009): “Sobre el efecto Baldwin y la noción de herencia”, Signos Filosóficos, XI/21, pp. 43-72.
Longa, V.M. (2019): “Adaptive plasticity”, en T.K. Shackelford y V.A. Weekes-Shackelford (eds.), Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science, Berlin, Springer, pp. 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16999-6_2122-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16999-6_2122-1
Longa, V.M. y G. Lorenzo (2012): “Theoretical linguistics meets development: Explaining FL from an epigeneticist point of view”, en C. Boeckx, M-C. Horno-Chéliz y J.L. Mendívil Giró (eds.), Language, From
a Biological Point of View. Current Issues in Biolinguistics, Newcastle upon Tyne, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, pp. 52-84.
Lorenz, K. (1935): “Der Kumpan in der Umwelt des Vogels. Der Artgenosse als auslösendes Moment sozialer Verhaltungsweisen”, Journal für Ornithologie, 83/2-3, pp. 137-215 y 289-413. Cito por El comportamiento animal y humano, Barcelona: Plaza y Janés, 1985. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01905572 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01905355
Lorenz, K. (1950): “The comparative method in studying innate behavior patterns”, en J.F. Danielli y R. Brown (eds.), Physiological Mechanisms in Animal Behavior. Symposia of he Society of Experimental Biology in Great Britain IV, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, pp. 221-268.
Lorenz, K. (1965): Evolution and Modification of Behavior, Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Cito por Evolución y modificación de la conducta, México, Siglo XXI, 1980.
Lorenzo, G. y V.M. Longa (2018): El innatismo. Orígenes, variaciones y vitalidad de una idea, Madrid, Cátedra.
Mameli, M. (2004): “Nongenetic selection and nongenetic inheritance”, British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 55/1, pp. 35-71. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjps/55.1.35 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/bjps/55.1.35
Mameli, M. (2005): “The inheritance of features”, Biology & Philosophy, 20, pp. 365-399. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s10539-004-0560-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10539-004-0560-0
Mameli, M. (2008): “On innateness: The clutter hypothesis and the cluster hypothesis”, The Journal of Philosophy, 105/12, pp. 719-736. https://doi.org/10.5840/jphil20081051216 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5840/jphil20081051216
Mameli, M. y P. Bateson (2006): “Innateness and the sciences”, Biology & Philosophy, 21, pp. 155-188. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10539-005-5144-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10539-005-5144-0
Mameli, M. y P. Bateson (2011): “An evaluation of the concept of innateness”, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B, 366, pp. 436-443. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0174 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0174
Maturana, H. y F. Varela (1994): De máquinas y seres vivos. Autopoiesis: la organización de lo vivo, Buenos Aires, Lumen.
Maynard-Smith, J. y E. Szathmáry (1999): The Origins of Life. From the Birth of Life to the Origin of Language, Oxford, Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198504931.001.0001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198504931.001.0001
Moore, D.S. (2001): The Dependent Gene. The Fallacy of ‘Nature vs. Nurture, New York, Henry Holt.
Moss, L. (2003): What Genes Can’t Do, Cambridge (MA), The MIT Press. https://doi.org/10.7551/ mitpress/7205.001.0001
Müller, G.B. (2007): “Evo-Devo: Extending the Evolutionary Synthesis”. Nature Review Genetics, 8/12, pp. 943- 949. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrg2219 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrg2219
Müller, G.B. y L. Olson (2003): “Epigenesis and epigenetics”, en B.K. Hall y W.M. Olson (eds.), Keywords & Concepts in Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Cambridge (MA), Harvard University Press, pp. 114-123. https://doi.org/10.4159/9780674273320-019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4159/9780674273320-019
Odling-Smee, J. (2024): Niche Construction. How Life Contributes to Its Own Evolution, Cambridge (MA), The MIT Press. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/13942.001.0001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/13942.001.0001
Odling-Smee, J., K.N. Laland y M.W. Feldman (2003): Niche Construction. The Neglected Process in Evolution, Princeton, Princeton University Press.
Oyama, S. (2000a): “Causal democracy and causal contributions in developmental systems theory”, Philosophy of Science, 67/11, pp. S332-S347. https://doi.org/10.1086/392830 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/392830
Oyama, S. (2000b): The Ontogeny of Information. Developmental Systems and Evolution, 2nd ed., Durham, Duke University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1220mm5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1220mm5
Oyama, S. (2000c): Evolution’s Eye. A Systems View of the Biology-Culture Divide, Durham, NC, Duke University Press. https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822380658 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822380658
Oyama, S (2001): “Terms in tension: What do you do when all the good words are taken?”, en S. Oyama, P.E. Griffiths y R.D. Gray (eds.), Cycles of Contingencies. Developmental Systems and Evolution, Cambridge (MA), The MIT Press, pp. 177-193.
Oyama, S. (2003): “On having a hammer”, en B.H. Weber y D.J. Depew (eds.), Evolution and Learning. The Baldwin Effect Reconsidered, Cambridge (MA), The MIT Press, pp. 169-191. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/2871.003.0013 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/2871.003.0013
Oyama, S., P.E. Griffiths y R.D. Gray (2001): “Introduction: What is Developmental Systems Theory?”, en S. Oyama, P.E. Griffiths y R.D. Gray (eds.), Cycles of Contingencies. Developmental Systems and Evolution, Cambridge (MA), The MIT Press, pp. 1-11.
Oyama, S., P.E. Griffiths y R.D. Gray (eds.) (2001): Cycles of Contingencies. Developmental Systems and Evolution, Cambridge (MA), The MIT Press.
Pigliucci, M. (2001): Phenotypic Plasticity. Beyond Nature and Nurture, Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press. https://doi.org/10.56021/9780801867880 DOI: https://doi.org/10.56021/9780801867880
Pigliucci, M. (2007): “Do we need an extended evolutionary synthesis?”, Evolution, 61/2, pp. 2743-2749. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00246.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00246.x
Pigliucci, M. (2009): “An extended synthesis for evolutionary biology”, The Year in Evolutionary Biology. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1168, pp. 218-228. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04578.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04578.x
Piggliuci, M. y G.B. Müller (eds.) (2010): Evolution—The Extended Synthesis, Cambridge (MA), The MIT Press.
Robert, J.S. (2004): Embryology, Epigenesis, and Evolution. Taking Development Seriously, New York, Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511498541 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511498541
Rodríguez Palenzuela, P. (2022): ¿Cómo entender a los humanos? Las bases biológicas del lenguaje, la cultura, la moral y el estatus, Pamplona, Next Door Publishers.
Samuels, R. (2004): “Innateness and cognitive science”, Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 8/3, pp. 136-141. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2004.01.010 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2004.01.010
Shan, Y. (2024): “The extended evolutionary synthesis: An integrated historical and philosophical examination”, Philosophy Compass 2024, e13002. https://doi.org/10.1111/phc3.13002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/phc3.13002
Solé, R. y B. Goodwin (2000): Signs of Life. How Complexity Pervades Biology, New York, Basic Books.
Sultan, S.E. (2015): Organism and Environment. Ecological Development, Niche Construction, and Adaptation, New York, Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199587070.001.0001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199587070.001.0001
West-Eberhard, M. (2003): Developmental Plasticity and Evolution, New York, Oxford University Press. https:// doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195122343.003.0008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195122343.003.0008
Wimsatt, W. (1999): “Generativity, entrenchment, evolution, and innateness: philosophy, evolutionary biology, and conceptual foundations of science”, en V.G. Hardcastle (ed.), Where Biology Meets Psychology. Philosophical Essays, Cambridge (MA), The MIT Press, pp. 139-179. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/7220.003.0010 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/7220.003.0010
##submission.format##
##submission.crossmark##
Licenza
La Revista de Filosofía, para fomentar el intercambio global del conocimiento, facilita el acceso sin restricciones a sus contenidos desde el momento de su publicación en la presente edición electrónica, y por eso es una revista de acceso abierto. Los originales publicados en esta revista son propiedad de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid y es obligatorio citar su procedencia en cualquier reproducción total o parcial. Todos los contenidos se distribuyen bajo una licencia de uso y distribución Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0 (CC BY 4.0). Esta circunstancia ha de hacerse constar expresamente de esta forma cuando sea necesario. Puede consultar la versión informativa y el texto legal de la licencia.
