El turismo idiomático en tiempos de la Covid-19: Los estudiantes Erasmus de la Universidad de Córdoba (España) durante el curso 2020/2021
- Daniel Moreno Muñoz Universidad de Córdoba (España).
- Ricardo Manuel Luque Revuelto Universidad de Córdoba (España)
Resumen
El turismo idiomático tiene cada año una mayor popularidad, especialmente entre los jóvenes, gracias a los diversos programas de formación existentes en los distintos niveles de la educación. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo fundamental analizar el comportamiento en materia turística de los estudiantes beneficiarios de una beca Erasmus en la Universidad de Córdoba durante el curso 2020-2021 marcado por la pandemia de la Covid-19. En el estudio han participado 168 sujetos que han respondido al cuestionario elaborado con el fin de recopilar información acerca del fenómeno. La conclusión más relevante es que su radio de acción turística ha sido más limitado por las restricciones de movilidad y han recibido menos visitas de las que podrían esperar en un curso académico desarrollado con normalidad.
Referencias
Álamo-Vera, F. R., Hernández-López, L., Ballesteros-Rodríguez, J. L., y Saá-Pérez, D. (2020): Competence development and employability expectations: A gender perspective of mobility programmes in higher education. Administrative Sciences, 10 (3), 74. http://doi.org/10.3390/admsci10030074 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci10030074
Ajanović, E., Beykal Ç. y Rabia, Ç. (2016): Effectiveness of Erasmus programme in prejudice reduction: Contact theory perspective. Turističko Poslovanje, (17), 47-60. DOI:10.5937/TurPos1617047A DOI: https://doi.org/10.5937/TurPos1617047A
Amaro, S., Barroco, C., Martins, C., y Antunes, J. (2019): Erasmus students in Portugal: From students to tourists and advocates. European Journal of Tourism Research, 22, 94-106. https://doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v22i.377 DOI: https://doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v22i.377
Arcodia, C., Novais, M.A., Cavlek, N. y Humpe, A. (2020): Educational Tourism and Experiential Learning: Students’ Perceptions of Field Trips. Tourism Review, 76, 241–254. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-05-2019-0155 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-05-2019-0155
Asoodar, M., Atai, M. R., y Baten, L. (2017): Successful erasmus experience: Analysing perceptions before, during and after erasmus. Journal of Research in International Education, 16 (1), 80-97. https://doi.org/10.1177/1475240917704331 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1475240917704331
Baralo, M. (2007): Enseñanza de español y turismo: las estancias lingüísticas. Mosaico, 20, 32-36. https://sede.educacion.gob.es/publiventa/mosaico-n-20-revista-para-la-promociony-apoyo-a-la-ensenanza-del-espanol-x-aniversario-de-la-revista-mosaico-tecnicas-para-laensenanza-del-lexico/ensenanza-lengua-espanola/13154
Barra-Hernández, P., y Navalón-García, R. (2021): Turismo idiomático: conceptualización y valor estratégico en destinos consolidados. Cuadernos de Turismo, (48), 153–181. https://doi.org/10.6018/turismo.492701 DOI: https://doi.org/10.6018/turismo.492701
Beine, M., Noël, R., y Ragot, L. (2014): Determinants of the international mobility of students. Economics of Education Review, 41, 40-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2014.03.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2014.03.003
Bogain, A. (2012): Erasmus language students in a British university: a case study. The Language Learning Journal, 40 (3), 359-374. https://doi.org/10.1080/09571736.2012.723937 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09571736.2012.723937
Bracht, O., Engel, C., Janson, K., Over, A., Schomburg, A., y Teichler, U. (2006): The professional value of ERASMUS mobility. Oxford, International Centre for Higher Education Research.
Cairns, D. (2017): The Erasmus undergraduate exchange programme: a highly qualified success story? Children's Geographies, 15 (6), 728-740. https://doi.org/10.1080/14733285.2017.1328485 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14733285.2017.1328485
Campón, A.M. y Hernández, J.M. (2011): Turismo idiomático en el medio rural: una propuesta para su desarrollo y comercialización. TURyDES, 4 (10). https://www.eumed.net/rev/turydes/10/cchm.htm
Carneiro, M. J., Guerra, R., y Malta, P. (2005): Universidade de Aveiro: Que papel na dinamização da mobilidade de estudantes no âmbito do Erasmus?. Revista de Turismo & Desenvolvimento, 2 (1), 149-155.
Cerdeira, J. P. (2014): The determinants of international academic tourism demand in Europe. Tourism Economics, 20 (3), 611-628. https://doi.org/10.5367/te.2013.0293 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5367/te.2013.0293
Clemente-Ricolfe, J. S. y García-Pinto, P. (2019): Erasmus university students motivation and segments: The case of Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain. Journal of Educational and Social Research, 9 (2), 72-82. Doi:10.2478/jesr-2019-0015 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jesr-2019-0015
Cohen, E., y Cooper, R. L. (1986): Language and tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 13 (4), 533-563. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(86)90002-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(86)90002-2
Comisión Europea (2021): Erasmus+ annual report 2020. Bruselas, Direction General for Education, Youth, Sport and Culture. https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2766/049341
Davidson, M., Wilkins, H., King, B., Hobson, P., Craig-Smith, S., y Gardiner, S. (2010): International education visitation–tourism opportunities. London, CRC for Sustainable Tourism. https://sustain.pata.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/120013-Davidson-IntEdVis-WEB.pdf
De Albuquerque, C. R., Mundet, L., y Aulet, S. (2019): The role of a high-quality restaurant in stimulating the creation and development of gastronomy tourism. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 83, 220-228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.10.018 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.10.018
De Castro, S., Breda, Z. y Pereira, E. (2018): Turismo académico: Um estudo sobre os estudantes Erasmus na Universidade de Aveiro. Revista Turismo e Desenvolvimento, 29, 107-123. https://doi.org/10.34624/rtd.v0i29.1564
Dolga, L., Filipescu, H., Popescu-Mitroi, M. M., y Mazilescu, C. A. (2015): Erasmus Mobility Impact on Professional Training and Personal Development of Students Beneficiaries. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 191, 1006-1013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.04.235 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.04.235
Duffy, M. E., Farmer, S., Ravert, P., y Huittinen, L. (2003): Institutional issues in the implementation of an international student exchange program. Journal of Nursing Education, 42 (9), 399–405. Doi: 10.3928/0148-4834-20030901-06 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3928/0148-4834-20030901-06
Durovic, M., y Lovrentjev, S. (2015): ERASMUS students–The New Tourism Force. The Macrotheme Review, 4 (5), 1-5. https://macrotheme.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/1MR45Lov.14833252.pdf
Findlay, A. M., King, R., Geddes, A., Smith, F., Stam, A., Dunne, M., y Ahrens, M. (2010): Motivations and experiences of UK students studying abroad. Dundee, University of Dundee. http://www.bis.gov.uk/assets/biscore/corporate/migratedD/publications/B/BISRP-008
Fombona, J., Rodríguez, C., y Sevillano, Á. P. (2013): The motivational factor of Erasmus students at the university. International Education Studies, 6 (4), 1-9. DOI: 10.5539/ies.v6n4pl DOI: https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v6n4p1
Fraiz, J. A. (2017): Tendencias actuales del turismo en el mundo. Madrid, Síntesis. García Rodríguez, F. J., y Mendoza, J. (2015): The role of tourist destination in international students’ choice of academic center: the case of erasmus programme in the Canary Islands. Pasos: Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural, 13 (1), 175-189. https://doi.org/10.25145/j.pasos.2015.13.012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.25145/j.pasos.2015.13.012
Gardiner, S., Brian, K., y Wilkins, H. (2013): The travel behaviors of international students: Nationality-based constraints and opportunities. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 19 (4), 287-299. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2011.546210 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1356766712471233
Glover, P. (2011): International Students: Linking Education and Travel. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 28 (2), 180-195. Doi: 10.1007/s10734-010-9396-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2011.546210
González, C. R., Mesanza, R. B., y Mariel, P. (2011): The determinants of international student mobility flows: An empirical study on the Erasmus programme. Higher Education, 62 (4), 413–430. Doi: 10.1007/s10734-010-9396-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-010-9396-5
Gürel, E., y Aslan, B. (2022): Internationalizing Teacher Education: What is the Erasmus Exchange Program‟ s Contribution in Turkey?. Higher Education, 12 (1), 131-154. DOI: 10.5539/hes.v12n1p131 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5539/hes.v12n1p131
Iglesias, M. (2018): Turismo idiomático en España: Marco teórico. International Journal of Scientific Management and Tourism, 4 (1), 29-59. http://www.ijosmt.com/index.php/ijosmt/article/view/313/304
Jongbloed, B., y Vossensteyn, H. (2016): University funding and student funding: International comparisons. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 32 (4), 576-595. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxrep/grw029 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxrep/grw029
Juvan, E. y Lesjak, M. (2011): Erasmus Exchange Program: Opportunity for profesional growth or sponsored vacations?, Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Education, 23 (2), 23- 29. DOI:10.1080/10963758.2011.10697003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10963758.2011.10697003
Kalocsai, K. (2009): Erasmus exchange students: A behind-the-scenes view into an ELF community of practice. Apples–Journal of Applied Language Studies, 3(1), 24–48. https://jyx.jyu.fi/bitstream/handle/123456789/21859/Apples_3_1_2009_Kalocsai.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Keogh, J., y Russel-Roberts, E. (2009): Exchange programmes and student mobility: Meeting student’s expectations or an expensive holidays. Nurse Education Today, 29 (1), 108–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2008.07.006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2008.07.006
Keresztes, E. R. (2014): The analysis of foreign study in higher education in the perspective of Hungarian exchange students. Polish Journal of Management Studies, 9, 96-103.https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/405239
Kim, K., Oh, I., y Jogaratnam, G. (2006): College student travel: A revised modelo f push motives. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 13 (1), 73-85. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356766706071201 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1356766706071201
Krzaklewska, E. (2008): Why study abroad? An analysis of Erasmus students’ motivations. En Derwin, F. y Byram, M. F. (Eds.): Students, staff and academic mobility in higher education. Cambridge, Cambridge Scholars, 82-98.
Lesjak, M., Juvan, E., Ineson, E. M., Yap, M. H., y Axelsson, E. P. (2015): Erasmus student motivation: Why and where to go?. Higher education, 70 (5), 845-865. Doi:10.1007/s10734-015-9871-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-015-9871-0
Lesjak, M., Juvan, E., y Podovšovnik, E. (2020): Erasmus+ Mobility: Empirical Insights into Erasmus+ Tourists’ Behaviour. Academica Turistica-Tourism and Innovation Journal, 13 (1), 35-50. http://hippocampus.si/ISSN/2335-4194/13.35-50.pdf DOI: https://doi.org/10.26493/2335-4194.13.35-50
Machado, A. y Matos, A. (2016): Erasmus student travel motivations: A factor-cluster segmentation approach. Revista Turismo: Estudos & Práticas, 5 (1), 7–39. http://geplat.com/rtep/index.php/tourism/article/view/87/81
Malta, P. y Carneiro, M. J. (2005): Turismo e educação, mobilidades e ensino superior: Outras teias da globalização. Revista de Turismo & Desenvolvimento, 2 (1), 115-128.
Mantecón, A. (2020): La crisis sistemática del turismo: una perspectiva global en tiempos de pandemia. En M. Simancas, M., Hernández, R. y Padrón, N. (Coords.): Turismo pos-COVID-19 Reflexiones, retos y oportunidades. La Laguna, Cátedra de Turismo Caja-Canarias-Ashotel de la Universidad de La Laguna, 19-29. https://riull.ull.es/xmlui/handle/915/20451
Marshall, J. E. (2017): Experiences of student midwives learning and working abroad in Europe: The value of an Erasmus undergraduate midwifery education programme. Midwifery, 44, 7-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2016.10.013 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2016.10.013
Martínez-Roget, F., Pereira-López, X., y Pawlowska, E. (2013): El turismo académico en Galicia: Otra forma de contribución de las universidades a las economias locales.
Cuadernos de Turismo, 32, 229-24. https://revistas.um.es/turismo/article/view/177541/149301
Miranda, C., Walter, C.E.; Sousa, B., Au-Yong-Oliveira, M., Santos, V. y Valeri, M. (2021): Academic tourism and transport services: student perceptions from a social responsibility Perspective. Sustainability, 13, 8794. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13168794 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su13168794
Montaner, J. (1991): Estructura del mercado turístico. Madrid, Síntesis.
Moraes, M., De Abreu, J., Bláfoss, J., Anker, O. y Pinho de Sousa, J. (2021): Public Transport Use and Satisfaction by International Students and Researchers. Sustainability, 13 (15), 8417. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13158417 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su13158417
Mures, M. J., Huerga, C., Lanero, J. J. y Díaz, M. (2009): El programa Erasmus en los estudios económico-empresariales: análisis y valoración. Pecvnia, 9, 129-156. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/pec.v0i9.665 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18002/pec.v0i9.665
Opla, E. (2008): El turilingüismo en España: actitudes y preferencias de los estudiantes alemanes de ELE. https://www.educacionyfp.gob.es/dam/jcr:3e72d57e-8ead-4298-a9d4-e7014700042e/2008-bv-09-12opla-pdf.pdf
Papatsiba, V. (2005): Political and individual rationales of student mobility: a case-study of ERASMUS and a French regional scheme for studies abroad. European Journal of Education, 40 (2), 173–188. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-3435.2004.00218.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-3435.2004.00218.x
Pardo, C.J. (2011): El turismo idiomático en España como potenciador cultural en ciudades patrimoniales: el caso de Salamanca y Alcalá de Henares. Cuadernos de Turismo, 27, 701–723. https://revistas.um.es/turismo/article/view/140171
Pawlowska, E., y Martínez, F. (2009): Unha aproximación ao impacto económico directo do turismo académico: o caso dos intercambios Erasmus na Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Revista galega de economía, 18 (2), 91-110.
Pedersen, J. M., Gutiérrez, J. M., Kirikova, M., Zabłudowski, Ł., y Comellas, J. (2017): Motivations and outcomes: A study of an intensive international course. International Journal of Engineering Education, 33 (3), 1086-1097. https://www.ijee.ie/latestissues/Vol33-3/15_ijee3446ns.pdf
Pitman, T., Broomhall, S., y Majocha, E. (2011): Teaching ethics beyond the academy: Educational tourism, lifelong learning and phronesis. Studies in the Education of Adults, 43 (1), 4-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/02660830.2011.11661600 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02660830.2011.11661600
Pimentel, P.C., y Huisman, J. (2013): A Bourdieusian analysis of the participation of Polish students in the ERASMUS programme: cultural and social capital perspectives. Higher Education, 66 (6), 741-754. Doi:10.1007/s10734-013-9635-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-013-9635-7
Rivza, B., y Teichler, U. (2007): The changing role of student mobility. Higher Education Policy, 20 (4), 457–475. https://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.hep.8300163 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.hep.8300163
Rindoks, A. (2010): The international mobility of talent: Types, causes and development. Impact Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 36 (4), 709-710.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13691831003676751 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13691831003676751
Rodríguez, X. A., Martinez-Roget, F., y Pawlowska, E. (2012): Academic tourism demand in Galicia, Spain. Tourism Management, 33 (6), 1583–1590. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2012.01.010 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2012.01.010
Rodríguez, X. A., Martinez-Roget, F., y Pawlowska, E. (2013): Academic tourism: A more sustainable tourism. Regional and sectorial Economic Studies, 13 (2), 89-98. https://www.usc.es/economet/reviews/eers1327.pdf
Soriano, M. M. (2001): La motivación, pilar básico de todo tipo de esfuerzo. Proyecto social: Revista de relaciones laborales, (9), 163-184. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=209932
Souto-Otero, M. (2008): The socio-economic background of Erasmus students: A trend towards wider inclusion?. International review of education, 54 (2), 135-154. DOI:10.1007/s11159-007-9081-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11159-007-9081-9
Souto-Otero, M., Huisman, J., Beerkens, M., De Wit, H., y Vujić, S. (2013): Barriers to international student mobility: Evidence from the Erasmus program. Educational Researcher, 42 (2), 70-77. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X12466696 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X12466696
Sova, R. B. (2017): Understanding erasmus students‘ motivation: What directs erasmus students‘ choice of destination and particular course. New Educational Review, 50 (4), 26-35. https://doi.org/10.15804/tner.2017.50.4.02 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15804/tner.2017.50.4.02
Stilianos, P., Georgios, A., Vasilik, K. y Labros, S. (2013): The Erasmus Student Mobility Program and Its Contribution to Multicultural Education: The Case of Tecnological Education Institute of Thessaly. Journal of Educational and Social Research, 3 (3), 181-200. Doi: 10.5901/jesr.2013.v4n3p181 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5901/jesr.2013.v4n3p181
Stone, M.J. y Petrick, J.F. (2013): The educational benefits of travel experiences: A literatura review. Journal of Travel Research, 52 (6), 731-744. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.906.2409&rep=rep1&type=pdf DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287513500588
Taboada de Zuñiga, P. (2010): Una aproximación al turismo idiomático en España. El caso particular de las ciudades históricas. En Jiménez J.L. (Coord.): Nuevas perspectivas del turismo para la próxima década: III Jornadas de investigación en turismo. Sevilla, Escuela Universitaria de Estudios Empresariales, 757-782. https://idus.us.es/bitstream/handle/11441/53353/taboadazuniga.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Taboada de Zuñiga, P. (2015): El turismo idiomático en Santiago de Compostela. Tesis Doctoral. Universidad de Santiago de Compostela. Santiago de Compostela, España.
https://minerva.usc.es/xmlui/handle/10347/12391
Tomasi, S., Paviotti, G., y Cavicchi, A. (2020): Educational tourism and local development: The role of universities. Sustainability, 12 (17), 6766. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12176766 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12176766
TURESPAÑA (2008): Turismo idiomático. Estudios de Productos Turísticos. Madrid, Instituto de Turismo de España.
Van Mol, C. (2013): Intra-European Student Mobility and European Identity: A Successful Marriage?. Population, Space and Place, 19 (2), 209–222. https://doi.org/10.1002/psp.1752 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/psp.1752
Wang, Y. C. (2015): A study on the influence of electronic word of mouth and the image of gastronomy tourism on the intentions of tourists visiting Macau. Tourism: an international interdisciplinary journal, 63 (1), 67-80. https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/20254
Williams, P. (2010): Educational tourism: understanding the concept, recognizing the value. Tourism Insights, 3 (1). https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Educational-tourism%3Aunderstanding-the-concept%2C-the-Williams/9d6b9f2e7f1da5dbba122f31c311e2872026444f.
Formato
Crossmark
Licencia
La revista Anales de Geografía de la Universidad Complutense, para fomentar el intercambio global del conocimiento, facilita el acceso sin restricciones a sus contenidos desde el momento de su publicación en la presente edición electrónica, y por eso es una revista de acceso abierto. Los originales publicados en esta revista son propiedad de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid y es obligatorio citar su procedencia en cualquier reproducción total o parcial. Todos los contenidos se distribuyen bajo una licencia de uso y distribución Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0 (CC BY 4.0). Esta circunstancia ha de hacerse constar expresamente de esta forma cuando sea necesario. Puede consultar la versión informativa y el texto legal de la licencia.
