Social implications of cultural alterations and diseases in Mochica iconography

Abstract

Mochica iconography consists of numerous representations—both realistic and symbolic—of the world around them; however, the depiction of illness and cultural changes remains a largely unexplored theme. In this context, the present study analyzes four iconographic scenes: ceremonial badminton, the throwing of lotus flowers, the banquet scene, and the erotic scene. An iconographic approach was employed to analyze the representations, focusing on four key elements: location, character, attire, and physical abnormalities. The results show that the individuals depicted wear both simple and complex attire, as well as exhibit various abnormalities in the hands, mouth, nose, eyes, feet, and torso. Based on the level of detail in the representations, it was possible to propose different origins for these alterations (congenital, infectious, interpersonal, and others), as well as diagnoses consistent with conditions such as syndactyly, oligodactyly, kyphosis, mutilations, and blindness. Similarly, the presence of these individuals allows for possible interpretations regarding their role in Mochica society. Two scenarios were identified: their connection to elite contexts, as a form of functional integration, and their association with mythological spheres, suggesting a symbolic significance that would have favored their inclusion in prestigious spaces.