Cultural Transfers and War of Ideas during the Independence Period. Counterrevolutionary Readings of Rafael de Vélez in New Spain/Mexico (1813-1822)

Abstract

The article reconstructs the processes associated with the transfer and circulation of counterrevolutionary ideas during the period of the Hispano-American emancipations. It addresses the impact in New Spain/Mexico, between 1812 and 1822, of two written works by the reactionary peninsular friar and publicist Rafael de Velez: Preservativo contra la irreligion (1812) and Apología del altar y del trono (1818). Although treated differently, these works were reprinted, read with interest and, if necessary, modified by Mexican conservatives. The old theory of revolutionary conspiracy served as a common denominator to the different meanings ascribed to them. The reactionary discourse of Father Velez first served to cohere the ties with the Spanish government and contest the insurgents’ proposals and, as of 1821, to justify independence and reinforce the position of Emperor Agustin de Iturbide. The way in which this interpretation was updated shows the capacity of illiberalism to adapt itself and renew the premises of tradition.