Revista Complutense de Ciencias Veterinarias
Revista Complutense de Ciencias Veterinarias (ISSN-e 1988-2688) aims to promote the dissemination of basic and applied research by bringing together the main areas of knowledge linked to the different fields of Veterinary and Food Sciences. It also provides content relating to Public Health, Food Safety and the Environment.
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The feed represent over 65% of production costs, so should be established as a priority. It is not enough that a diet meets the nutritional needs of pigs, the ration formulation must right with official regulations governing each country for the use and manufacture of feed. Also, the feed should be easy to preserve and supplying, taking into the wide variety to installations (feeders and drinkers) used in various stages of pigs. However, the fundamental objective of the formulation of a diet is that it contains the necessary nutrients in the correct proportions and balance, considering the physiological stage, weight, age, sex, genetic potential, health status, season and production objectives with a the legal constraints. Once accomplished the formulation, the next step will be insure preparing the feed under conditions that ensure the safety, traceability and lower cost of the same. To this challenge, is adding the need to the right with environmental regulations related to feed and animal welfare.
Split tolerance in horse: importance in the immune balance at the materno-fetal interface
Pregnancy induces a state of split tolerance, a situation where although a pregnant female is capable of developing an immune response to fetal antigens, it´s tolerant to those antigens in the pregnant uterus. The pregnant uterus is an “immunological privileged site” where there is a physical barrier more or less inaccessible for the maternal immune system and a maternal immune-modulation at the interface, fundamental for the establishment of the immune balance that must ensure the survival of the fetus in the uterine environment. In this review we highlight the contribution of the horse in the understanding of the pregnancy immune balance mechanisms, because it is the best example of split tolerance. It is analyzed both equine epitheliocorial placenta and it´s parallelism with human placenta, and the immune-modulation at the interface in which are involved: endometrial and trophoblast secreted hormones; cytokines appropriate for the establishment of the tolerant microenvironment; antigen presenting cells with an unusual behavior; T lymphocytes inhibited and induced to apoptosis; and the important presence of T regulatory lymphocytes TregFoxP3+.
Microalgae biosensors for the detection of environmental contaminants: a review
Máster en Virología Universidad Complutense de Madrid: Resumen de los Trabajos Fin de Máster. Curso 2017-18
La deformación del borde dorsal del cuello y la influencia del ambiente
The objective of this study was to estimate the effect of selected environmental factors on the deformation of the dorsal border of the neck in horses in Andalucía and Extremadura. 186 farms located in Andalucía and Extremadura were selected. The degree of deformation of the neck, neck diameter, neck length, horse weight, athletic activity, place, feeding, handling and facilities were characterized. A descriptive statistical analysis was performed and the correlation coefficient between the degree of deformity and the environmental factors was estimated. A total of 4651 horses were studied. The deformation of the dorsal border of the neck was observed in 409 horses (8,79%). A greater number of horses with dorsal cervical deformity was observed in Andalucia (73%), than in Extremadura (27%). 54% of the horses were stabulated in a traditional system, while 46% were managed by a technified system. The alimentation protocol based exclusively on concentrated feed was observed in 19% of the farms, based on forage only 42%, and the combined concentrated feed and forage was found in 39% of the farms. The degree of deformity in relation to the exclusive feeding with feed showed a correlation level of 0,058. These results indicate that feed based on feed, feeders with an alturae of 100-160 cm, and the low activity may not have an association with the development of the deformation of the dorsal border of the neck. In conclusion the results show that the environment can directly influence the deformation of the dorsal border of the neck.
Ancient Rome was an unhealthy and annoying city, far from our sound idea about it, associated to palaces, temples and statues. Daily life used to take place in a crowded environment, where malnutrition and poverty thrived. Direct or indirect fecal contamination from humans and animals of water and food was highly probable. Spills and pollution of watercourses and reservoirs with filth and carrion occurred often, this favoring pathogens and vectors. The lack of appropriate cleansing of streets and sewers, and the regular presence of animals –insects included– in streets and households guaranteed some more health challenges. These, and some other risk factors, supported both the appearance of large epidemics and the maintenance of endemic transmissible diseases including zoonoses.
Calving distribution and influence of some variation factors on the interval between calvings and calves mortality under continuous calving in breeding cows of Dehesa ecosystem
A total of 619 calvings and 547 intervals between calvings (IBC) from 97 cows, 15 Retinta cows and 82 crossbreed (Charolais x Retinta) cows, reared under continuous calving during eight consecutive years were controlled in the Dehesa ecosystem. The 39.25% of the calvings occured from December to February and only the 14.38% from August to October. The heifers and cows of seventh, eighth, tenth and eleventh and following calving showed an IBC higher than the cows of third, fourth, fitth and sixth calving. The variable “cow” had significant effect on the IBC, but the factors “gender of suckled calf”, “year”, “bull”, “calving month”, “fence” and, “body condition score at calving” had not significant influence on IBC. The age at first calving had not significant effect on IBC of heifer and average IBC of cows. Age at weaning of born calves from November to March was significantly lower than those born calves from May to July. The calf’s mortality seems affected by the genetic type of calf and the birth time. The use of Charolais bulls leads to a calves mortality at birth higher regarding Limousine bulls.
Effect of oxidative and thermal stress on sperm function in mammals
Several studies have reported a decrease in the reproductive capacity of the male due to heat stress and its effect on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in sperm. Therefore, the objective of the present work is to show a general view of the risks of the warm environment, oxidative stress and the mechanisms by which there are an alteration in sperm capacity in the male. Sperm and seminal leukocytes produce most ROS. ROS cause damage to the sperm membrane (containing polyunsaturated fatty acids PUFAs), decreased motility, poor ability to fuse with the oocyte, and alteration of sperm DNA, causing poor embryonic development and low fertility. Therefore, the determination of ROS in sperm could be considered an alternative diagnostic tool to identify the etiology of male infertility.
Multidisciplinary approach of tuberculosis infection in a lidia cattle farm
Tuberculosis is currently one of the most relevant diseases. Its control rests on both Animal Health and Public Health, since it is a zoonosis. It is a notifiable disease in cattle and it is subjected to official eradication campaigns from the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, Food and Environment (MAPAMA). Lidia breed is the bovine breed that shows more problems when it comes to eradicating the disease, due to its extensive system of exploitation and its difficult handling, with a prevalence ten times higher than the dairy cattle breeds. This paper describes the most important actions to be carried out in a positive lidia cattle herd, from a multidisciplinary point of view, addressing the health, management and feeding of animals, with the aim of controlling the infection and facilitating its eradication in the shortest possible time, allowing the maintenance of livestock without losing the genetics of the herd and preventing a future reinfection.
Redes sociales y la medicina veterinaria experiencias de caballosalud en Venezuela y el mundo
The aims of this study a review of social networks and veterinary medicine, Caballosalud experiences in Venezuela and the world. Caballosalud, is created in 2013 in La Guaira, Vargas State-Venezuela as a need for continuous training in horse medicine, its founder Dr. Carlos Federico Rodríguez Garanton, in its beginning with a cycle of podiatry and art courses of shoeing, equine reproduction and attention of the colic, given the daily clinical casuistry of horses. The use of social networks in particular facebook and instagram, during the development of the courses allow the massification of information related to the courses and the casuistry developed by the horsesalud team. In 2014, the first international courses were held in the Middle East (United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Oman and Qatar). The social network have allowed a greater scope of veterinary medicine, especially the daily veterinary-client interaction, as well as has significantly influenced the advertising of the veterinarian or veterinary group. Experiences in the last 6 years of Caballosalud, include some 74,000 followers, and in total with all members 850,000 followers specifically in the social network instagram nationally and internationally. This necessarily requires an important daily content of clinical cases, therapies and continuous generation of information that allows satisfying the demand of this important number of followers.
Economical models of simulation in the calves fattening
In the present work a simulation analysis for the calves fattening (males anf females) was achieved. In the simulation model were introduced as independent variables the purchase price of kilogram of weaned calf, sale price of carcass kilo of fattened calf, feed price and the conversion rate of feed, whereas the profit, gros margin and disposable income were considered as dependent variables. Females obtained higher profits, gross margins and disposable income than the males. The independent variables that had the highest contribution to the variance of dependent variables were the purchase and sale price of half, whereas the variable that had the lowest contribution to the variance was the conversion rate of feed.
Máster en Virología Universidad Complutense de Madrid: resumen de los Trabajos Fin de Máster
Veterinarios españoles en Tonga: Pacific Hope Project
3ª Jornada de Difusión de la Investigación de los Alumnos de Doctorado de la Facultad de Veterinaria de la UCM
Scientific Veterinary Art. The Fragonard's "écorchés" at the Alfort Veterinary School
Science and Art have more things in common than differences: both disciplines are based on experimentation, observation and searching for new ideas which open new frontiers, and sometimes merge as unique objects. This is the case of Fragonard’s écorchés, recognized and admired at the time by scientists and artists of the French society in the eighteenth century. Fragonard made his first exhibition of anatomical specimens at the Veterinary School of Lyon, and subsequently prepared thousands of pieces in the National Veterinary School of Alfort Alfort. In the Fragonard Museum of the National Veterinary School of Alfort (ENVA, Paris, France) some of theses pieces are still conserved and exhibited. Among its écorchés highlights Le cavalier (The rider) that depicts a rider and his horse "riding off into eternity".
Genral anxiety and intraspecific aggression in cats case report
Two european shorthair cats turned to The Ethology External Service of the Complutense University of Madrid, referred by their veterinarian. An 8 years old neutered male cat (Joe), and a 2 years old sterilized female cat (Lily). The purpose of the consultation reported by the owners, was the aggression from Joe to Lily. The specialist on animal behavior diagnosed a general anxiety disorder, concluding that the anxiety was leading to intraspecific aggression. The treatment consisted in a behavioral modification program linked to psychopharmacology therapy and environmental modification. It was also utilized the Magnesium trace element. The psychopharmacological treatment for Joe, consisted in the oral administration of Diazepam (2mg/kg), and Fluoxetine (20mg/5ml). Otherwise, Lily was treated with complementary therapies, using 1 ampoule of Magnesium trace element every 24 hours. After 7 months of therapy, the intraspecific aggression disappeared.
Nitrate intoxication in a horse stables: case report
We expose a stable of 11 horses that showed acute symptomatology compatible intoxication. The horses consumed concentrated feed and hay, but for seasonal reasons, were fed with grass of Digitaria swazilandensis. The horses were fasted for 48 hours with water ad libitum. Symptomatic treatment was instated and all horses improved. The grass is introduced again and there is relapse and death of 3 horses, that are necropsied, where it confirms the suspicion of intoxication with digestive, hepatic and encephalic affectation. Samples of the concentrate feed, forage and water are collected for toxicological bacteriological and fungal analysis and high concentrations of nitrates in the pasture are evidenced. Nitrate intoxication is uncommon in horses and for a correct diagnosis it is necessary to perform a pathological study and determination of nitrate levels of possible sources of contamination.
Effect of chemical additives in the composition of oat ("Avena sativa") silage
The objective of the experiment was to evaluate the effect of chemical additives (urea, sodium urea-benzoate, sodium benzoate, ammonium urea sulfate) in the bromatological composition of oat silage. The silages were elaborated in the Professional Academic of Zootecnia of the National University of Huancavelica by tubes of PVC of 10cm (Width) x 40 cm (Height), with sealed caps. The experimental design was completely randomized, with 5 treatments and 5 replicates. The microsils were opened 60 days after silage. None of the additives were effective in the reduction of neutral detergent fiber (FND), acid detergent fiber (FAD), hemicelluloses and FND-hemicelluloses ratio of silages. The treatments with UR, UR + BS, UR + SA favored lower values of soluble carbohydrates, in relation to silage without additives. Oat silage without additives is a strategy that can be improved with additives satisfactorily in crude protein content alone or in association with BS.
External factors that may cause stress on horses
Horses are pets that are becoming increasingly important in society, since they are used for both work and sports. They can also be used as a therapeutic and auxiliary tool by physical or mental health professionals to promote the rehabilitation of children, adolescents and adults at the neuromuscular, psychological, cognitive and social levels. That is why in the management of these animals is extremely important the knowledge of external factors that can cause you stress or discomfort that definitely decrease their performance. In this paper, we describe some external factors that may predispose horses to enter stress.
Coxofemoral luxation in a Shetland pony: case report
Coxofemoral luxation is a relatively rare cause of lameness in horses, observed in foals and miniature horses. As causes of luxation, severe trauma, ilium fractures, violent overextension and patellar fixation, have been described. A case of a Shetland pony is described, referred to the Complejo Hospitalario Veterinario de Corozal- Universidad de Panamá, which had a 4/5 lameness of the left hind limb and muscle atrophy of the biceps femoris and gluteus. It was decided to perform a simple digital radiography of the pelvis, and a coxofemoral joint luxation was observed. Once made the diagnosis, it was decided to perform surgical treatment, in terms of an ostectomy and excision of the femoral head. The prognosis is reserved in these lesions, but in our case, monitoring was carried out for 5 months, where less muscle atrophy was observed, but still remained 2/5 degree lameness.
analysis of the lidia breed current situation. Conservation of the encastes in danger of extinction
The lidia breed dates back to the Middle Ages in our country and it is constituted by 5 castas, 16 encastes and 6 genetic lines. In recent years, the lidia cattle has been reduced due to the economic crisis, which has led many farmers to reduce or replace their animals for more profitable breeds. Despite the fact that the breed is not considered endangered by MAGRAMA, a census carried out in 2010 yielded alarming data: 16 encastes in danger of extinction (with less than 1000 cows each). The demonstrated genetic importance of lidia cattle requires a greater coordination between the organisms and entities involved in their exploitation and, at the same time, the establishment of a center for lidia breed study and conservation, with a germplasm bank with a enough volume of genetic material to ensure their survival.
Evaluation of the adaptation to the mexican tropical humid environment of hybrids seghers sow in lactations stage
During the period from June to September 2009, the effect of the thermal stress of 16 suckling sows of the Segher hybrid gene line in Tabasco Mexico was evaluated using indirect indicators of respiratory rate and rectal temperature variations. Four periods of the day (nocturnal, daytime and dusk) were evaluated during four stages of the lactation period (1, 7, 14, 21 day). There was a significant increase (P≤0.5) in the respiratory rate during the hottest periods of the day (day and night) and no significant difference was observed between the days evaluated in the lactation period (P≥0.5). It was concluded that the sows of the segher hybrid gene line are adapted to the tropical conditions of Mexico.
Deep digital flexor tendón injuries as a complication after a neurectomy: case report
Digital palmar/plantar neurectomy is a surgical technique indicated in horses with pain or chronic foot disease. However, there are potential complications after this procedure. A case of a 6 year old Quarter Horse and 480 kg is described, referred to the Complejo Hospitalario Veterinario de Corozal- Universidad de Panamá, which had a 4/5 lameness of the right forelimb. In the clinic history, a bilateral palmar digital neurectomy about 4 months ago was performedby the referring veterinarian because of chronic foot pain. A simple digital radiography and ultrasound of the pastern and fetlock areas were performed, and some findings related to rare complications of this surgical technique were diagnosed.
Hot mineral springs microbial mats: dermatology and cosmetics applications
Dermatology and thermal cosmetics have achieved in recent years considerable success, associated with new technologies and scientific progress. The microbial mats (peloids and gleinas) have interesting properties with numerous benefits in therapeutic with natural products, although some commercial applications have not adequate scientific justification. By culture methods, biochemical, molecular biology and light, confocal and electron microscopy, microbial mats have been characterized from different mineral springs Cervantes (Ciudad Real) and El Raposo (Badajoz) (bicarbonate waters); Carratraca (Malaga) and Alhama de Granada (sulphated waters). The bicarbonate ones present more diatoms (Navicula, Fragilaria, Synedra); and the sulfated have sulfur bacteria (Beggiatoa, Thiothrix). Both types have green algae (Cosmarium), cyanobacteria (Oscillatoria, Lyngbya, Gleocapsa), green phototrophs bacteria (Chloflexus) and anaerobic bacteria purples phototrophs (Rhodomicrobium) and sulfatoreductoras. We found no-culturable microorganisms that indicate the possible existence of new species. Its application in dermatology and cosmetic dermatology therapeutics is a promising future prospect.
Differences in feed efficiency between lines divergently selected for birth weight environmental variability in mice
The feed efficiency is one of the main objectives in livestock production because feeding is the highest cost in animal production. The objective of this study was to compare the feed efficiency in two divergent lines for the birth weight environmental variability in mice. The results showed that the weekly feed intakes were lower in the low line than the high line in some periods. These differences could be related with the lower weight in the low line. The cumulated feed intake index didn’t show significant differences between lines. The robustness of low variability animals seems not to produce differences regarding feed efficiency, but probably low variability animals could respond better to an environmental challenge taking benefit to increase its survival.
Helminths and microbiota: the fellowship of the ring
The intestinal microbiota and parasitic helminths have coevolved inside their host to reach a balance. Any alteration of this equilibrium may affect the parasite survival. This study aims to evaluate the influence of the microbiota modification on intestinal settlement of the nematode Trichinella spiralis by long term treatment prior to experimental infection with two antibiotics of different profiles, the aminoglycoside (streptomycin) and the beta-lactam (penicillin). As expected, the experiment showed that antibiotic treatment changes the parasite environment so that makes your establishment less effective.
Metabolic conditions in diabetes alter the exhibition of insulin receptor in human tumoral T Cells
Obese and diabetic population present higher frequencies of certain types of cáncer. This justifies the need for early-stage tumoral markers. The aim of this study was to test the effects of diabetic metabolic conditions on insulin receptor (IR) protein levels and exhibition in human tumoral T cells (Jurkat) by Western-blot and flow cytometry, respectively. Our results indicate that hyperglicemia doubles the total protein levels of the beta subunit of the receptor, while lowering the levels of the alpha subunit. High free fatty acids levels (FFA) reduces the levels of both subunits in hyperglicemia, but not in normoglicemia. Hyperglicemia lowers the exhibition of IR but high FFA concentrations in hyperglicemic conditions increases it by 60%. We conclude that diabetic metabolic conditions alter the functionality of the IR in Jurkat cells. This could link diabetes to tumoral proliferation.
Granular cell tumor (Abrikossoff´s Tumor) of the tongue. A case report and litearture review
Granular cell tumor is a soft tissue neoplasm that usually affects females in the fourth to sixth decades of life. It can affect any area of the body, with preponderance to the oral cavity as an asymptomatic nodule of slow growth. Despite its controversial histogenesis, the theory of a neural origin is now accepted. A surgical excisional biopsy of the tumor and histological examination are necessary for the correct diagnosis and treatment. Its usual benign behavior and its low recurrence rate set a favorable prognosis. A case of a granular cell tumor in a 21 year old female patient is reported. Histological findings, differential diagnosis and therapeutic implications are discussed together with a review of the literature.
Denosumab: a drug against osteoporosis can complicate dental treatments
Introduction: In 2010, the clinical use of Denosumab for osteopororis´ treatment was approved in the EEUU. Even though a lot of people think that it is a bisphosphonate, actually it is a monoclonal antibody that inhibits RANKL. Hypothesis and objectives: The hypothesis of this article is that osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) is an adverse effect of Denosumab. Material and method: Bibliographic review from the data base Pubmed and the virtual library of the UCM. Discussion and results: Denosumab, as an antiresorptive drug, gets its importance in the etiology of ONJ because of the excessive suppression of bone remodeling. In patients under treatment of this drug, we have to pay attention to the interval between the doses and the accumulative dose in order to evaluate the risk of developing it. The AAOMS suggests a multidisciplinary approach where the dentist assumes an important role, especially in prevention. Conclusions: We have to stop considering that the ONJ is only caused by bisphosphonates because other drugs such as Denosumab can also cause it. We should take preventative measures with this possibility.
Reservatrol prevents against pancreas inflamatory response secundary to aging
The inflammatory response secondary to aging is associated with insulin resistance. It has been shown that pancreatic islet endocrine cells may be a source of inflammatory mediators during pathological conditions. In this study we investigated the effect of aging on different parameters related to inflammation in pancreas from two types of male mice models: SAMP8 and SAMR1 and the influence of Resveratrol (5 mg/kg/day) administration. During aging it increased proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 levels and the transcription factor NF-κB p52 while antiinflammatory Interleukin IL-10 decreased. Resveratrol administration showed lower expression of IL-1β, TNFα and NF-κB in old mice. No significant differences were observed in protein expression of IL-1β and IL-10. These findings raise the association between aging and pancreatic cell expression of inflammatory mediators and improvement after administration of resveratrol.