Desafíos y logros de la política migratoria de la UE
- Juan Antonio Clemente Soler Universidad de Murcia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2272-6219
- David Rodríguez Guillén Parlamento Europeo. Bruselas. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7776-9633
Résumé
Este artículo analiza las medidas implementadas por la UE en el área de migraciones a través de una metodología cualitativa para seleccionar legislación y artículos.
Esta metodología estructura el artículo en tres partes: evolución (1950-2015) análisis de las últimas medidas legislativas y dimensión externa.
Aunque el artículo limita el análisis al marco legislativo e institucional, hablamos de un trabajo de gran interés, al ser esta área un tema muy importante en la agenda política.
El análisis muestra que las medidas han sido efectivas a pesar de que es necesaria más legislación en un fenómeno que está en constante evolución.
Biographie de l'auteur
Doctor en Comunicación Política por la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona
Références
Atanassov, N., Dumbrava, C., Mentzelopoulou, M.-M., & Radjenovic, A. (2018a). EU asylum, borders and external cooperation on migration.
Atanassov, N., Dumbrava, C., Mentzelopoulou, M.-M., & Radjenovic, A. (2018b). IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS Recent developments. https://doi.org/10.2861/15608
Bąkowski, P., Poptcheva, E.-M., Ivanov Graphs, D., & Sabbati, G. (2015). EU migratory challenge. Possible responses o the refugee crisis. Retrieved from
http://www.europarl.europa.eu/EPRS/EPRS-Briefing-568312-EU-migratory-challenge-FINAL.pdf
Balzacq, T. (2008). The external dimension of EU justice and home affairs : tools, processes, outcomes. Centre for European Policy Studies. Retrieved from
ved=0ahUKEwjLuffhpebgAhVRL1AKHeFOBRcQ6AEIKTAA#v=onepage&q=EU evolution in justice and home affairs&f=false
Commission, E. (n.d.). EU Regional Trust Fund in Response to the Syrian Crisis, the “Madad Fund.” Retrieved from
Convention douanière néerlando-belgo-luxembourgeoise (Londres, 5 septembre 1944). (1944). Retrieved from
Cornelisse, G. (2014, June 16). What’s Wrong with Schengen? Border Disputes and the Nature of Integration in the Area Without Internal Borders. Retrieved from
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2451038
Council. (2017a). Entry-exit system: final adoption by the Council - Consilium. Retrieved March 10, 2019, from
Council, E. (2017b). European Council Leaders’ Agenda Migration: way forward on the external and internal dimension. Retrieved from
https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/32143/en_leaders-agenda-note-on-migration_.pdf
Council of the European Union. (n.d.). Joint declaration establishing a Mobility Partnership between the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan and the European Union and
its participating Member States. Brussels. Retrieved from
Council of the European Union. (2008). Mobility Partnership between the European Union and the Republic of Cape Verde. Brussels. Retrieved from
Council of the European Union. (2011). Joint Declaration on a Mobility Partnership between the European Union and Armenia. Brussels. Retrieved from
Council of the European Union. (2013a). Joint Declaration on a Mobility Partnership between the European Union and Azerbaijan. Brussels. Retrieved from
Council of the European Union. (2013b). Joint Declaration on a Mobility Partnership between the European Union and the Kingdom of Morocco. Brussels. Retrieved from
Council of the European Union. (2015a). Joint Declaration on a Mobility Partnership between the European Union and Belarus. Brussels. Retrieved from
Council of the European Union. (2015b). Joint Declaration on a Mobility Partnership between the European Union and Ethiopia. Brussels. Retrieved from
Council of the European Union. (2015c). Joint Declaration on a Mobility Partnership between the European Union and Nigeria. Brussels. Retrieved from
http://eeas.europa.eu/archives/delegations/nigeria/documents/page_content/eu-ng-jd_en.pdf
Craig, P. P. (Paul P. ., & De Búrca, G. (Gráinne). (n.d.). The evolution of EU law. Retrieved from
https://books.google.be/books?id=vwfqQtLOxt0C&printsec=frontcover&dq=EU+evolution+in+justice+and+home+affairs&hl=es&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjLuffhpebgAhVRL1AKHeFOBRcQ6AEITjAF#v=onepage&q=EU evolution in justice and home affairs&f=false
Den Boer, M. (2000). The Incorporation of Schengen into the TEU: A Bridge too far? Columbia Journal of Transnational Law. Retrieved from
Eprs, & Alfonso, A. D. ’. (2014). In- Depth Analysis European Development Fund Joint development cooperation and the EU budget: out or in?
European Commission. (n.d.-a). EU emergency trust fund for Africa. Retrieved May 22, 2019, from https://ec.europa.eu/trustfundforafrica/content/about_en
European Commission. (n.d.-b). Frontex launching new operation in Central Med. Retrieved May 20, 2019, from
European Commission. (n.d.-c). Instrument for pre-accession assistance. Retrieved May 22, 2019, from
https://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/evaluation-instrument-pre-accession-assistance-ipa-ii-draft-report_en
European Commission. (n.d.-d). The European Neighbourhood Instrument (ENI) | EU Neighbours. Retrieved May 22, 2019, from
https://www.euneighbours.eu/en/policy/european-neighbourhood-instrument-eni
European Commission. (2011). Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the
Committee of the Regions on the global approach to migration and mobility. Brussels. Retrieved from
http://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/policies/intro/policies_intro_en.htm.
European Commission. (2014). European Commission - PRESS RELEASES - Press release - EU and Tunisia establish their Mobility Partnership. Retrieved May 19, 2019,
from http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-14-208_en.htm
European Commission. (2015a). Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the
Committee of the Regions: a european agenda on migration. Brussels. Retrieved from
http://www.europarl.europa.eu/oeil/popups/ficheprocedure.do?lang=en&reference=2015/2660
European Commission. (2015b). Proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on the European Border and Coast Guard and repealing
Regulation (EC) No 2007/2004, Regulation (EC) No 863/2007 and Council Decision 2005/267/EC. Brussels. Retrieved from
European Commission. (2015c). Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council amending regulation No 562/2006 (EC) as regards the reinforcement of checks
against relevant databases at external borders. Brussels. Retrieved from
European Commission. (2016a). Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the European Council the Council and the European
Investment Bank on establishing a new Partnership Framework with third countries under the European Agenda on Migration. Brussels. Retrieved from
European Commission. (2016b). Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and to the Council: Stronger and Smarter Information Systems
for Borders and Security. Brussels. Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52016DC0205&from=EN
European Commission. (2016c). Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council laying down standards for the reception of applicants for international
protection (recast). Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52016PC0465&from=EN
European Commission. (2016d). Proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a common procedure for international protection
in the Union and repealing Directive 2013/32/EU. Brussels. Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/resource.html?uri=cellar:2c404d27-4a96-11e6-9c64-01aa75ed71a1.0001.02/DOC_1&format=PDF
European Commission. (2016e). Proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a Union Resettlement Framework and amending
Regulation (EU) No 516/2014 of the European Parliament and the Council. Brussels. Retrieved from
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52016PC0468&from=EN
European Commission. (2016f). Proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing the criteria and mechanisms for
determining the Member State responsible for examining an application for international protection lodged in one of the Member States by a. Brussels. Retrieved from
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52016PC0270&from=EN
European Commission. (2016g). Proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on the establishment, operation and use of the Schengen
Information System (SIS) in the field of border checks, amending Regulation (EU) No 515/2014 and repealing Regulation (EC) No 1987/2006. Brussels. Retrieved from
European Commission. (2016h). Proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on the establishment, operation and use of the Schengen
Information System (SIS) in the field of police cooperation and judicial cooperation in criminal matters, amending Regulation (EU) No 515. Brussels. Retrieved from
European Commission. (2016i). Proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on the use of the Schengen Information System for the return
of illegally staying third-country nationals. Brussels. Retrieved from
European Commission. (2016j). Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and the Council establishing a European Travel Information and Authorisation
System (ETIAS) and amending Regulations, (EU) No 515/2014, (EU) 2016/399, (EU) 2016/794 and (EU) 2016/1624. Brussels. Retrieved from
European Commission. (2016k). Questions & answers; Answers: the new European Border and Coast Guard Agency. Retrieved March 10, 2019, from
http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_MEMO-16-3308_en.htm
European Commission. (2016l). Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on the European Union Agency for Asylum and repealing regulation (EU)
No 439/2010. Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/resource.html?uri=cellar:ce773c1e-1689-11e6-ba9a-01aa75ed71a1.0001.02/DOC_1&format=PDF
European Commission. (2016m). Towards a reform of the common european asylum system and enhancing legal avenues to Europe. Brussels. Retrieved from
European Commission. (2017a). Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the European Council and the Council on the Seventh progress report
towards an effective and genuine Security Union. Brussels. Retrieved from
https://www.europol.europa.eu/activities-services/main-reports/european-union-serious-and-organised-
European Commission. (2017b). Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council on the First Annual Report on the Facility for
Refugees in Turkey. Brussels. Retrieved from
European Commission. (2017c). Joint press release of the United Nations, the African Union and the European Union. Retrieved May 22, 2019, from
http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_STATEMENT-17-5029_en.htm
European Commission. (2017d). Proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on establishing a framework for interoperability between EU
information systems (police and judicial cooperation, asylum and migration). Brussels. Retrieved from
http://ec.europa.eu/transparency/regexpert/index.cfm?do=groupDetail.groupDetailDoc&id=32600&no=1.
European Commission. (2017e). Proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on establishing a framework for interoperability between
EU information systems (police and judicial cooperation, asylum and migration). Brussels. Retrieved from
http://ec.europa.eu/transparency/regexpert/index.cfm?do=groupDetail.groupDetailDoc&id=32600&no=1.
European Commission. (2017f). Proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on the European Agency for the operational management of
large-scale IT systems in the area of freedom, security and justice, and amending Regulation (EC) 1987/2006 and Council Decision 2007/533/JHA and repealing
Regulation (EU) 1077/2011. Brussels. Retrieved from http://bookshop.europa.eu/is-bin/INTERSHOP.enfinity/WFS/EU-Bookshop-Site/en_GB/-/EUR/ViewPublication-
European Commission. (2018). Fact Sheet: Migration - EU Emergency Trust Fund for Africa. Retrieved May 22, 2019, from
https://reliefweb.int/report/world/fact-sheet-migration-eu-emergency-trust-fund-africa-28-march-2018
European Commission. (2019a). European Commission - The European Agenda on Migration: EU needs to sustain progress made over the past 4 years. Retrieved May 22,
, from http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-19-1496_en.htm
European Commission. (2019b). Standard Eurobarometer. Retrieved June 4, 2019, from
European Council. (2008). Joint Declaration on a Mobility Partnership between the European Union and the Republic of Moldova. Brussels. Retrieved from
European Council. (2016). EU-Turkey statement. Retrieved May 22, 2019, from https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2016/03/18/eu-turkey-statement/
European Council. (2017a). Justice and Home Affairs Council, 08-09/06/2017 - Consilium. Retrieved June 5, 2019, from
https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/meetings/jha/2017/06/08-09/
European Council. (2017b). Mali and the Sahel: EU strengthens its action in support of security of the region. Retrieved May 22, 2019, from
https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2017/06/20/mali-sahel/
European Council. (2019a). EU Mediterranean operations 2015-2019 - Consilium. Retrieved May 20, 2019, from
https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/infographics/saving-lives-sea-february-2018/
European Council. (2019b). Reform of the Common European Asylum System and Resettlement. Brussels. Retrieved from
https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-6600-2019-INIT/en/pdf
European Parliament. (n.d.-a). Back to Schengen roadmap | Legislative train schedule | European Parliament. Retrieved June 5, 2019, from
European Parliament. (n.d.-b). JD - EU resettlement framework | Legislative train schedule | European Parliament. Retrieved June 4, 2019, from
European Parliament. (n.d.-c). JD - European travel information and authorisation system (ETIAS) | Legislative train schedule | European Parliament.
Retrieved June 5, 2019, from
European Parliament. (n.d.-d). JD - Interoperability between EU information systems (law enforcement/migration) | Legislative train schedule | European Parliament.
Retrieved June 5, 2019, from
European Parliament. (n.d.-e). JD - Recast Eurodac regulation | Legislative train schedule | European Parliament. Retrieved June 4, 2019, from
European Parliament. (n.d.-f). JD - Reform of the reception conditions directive | Legislative train schedule | European Parliament. Retrieved June 4, 2019, from
European Parliament. (n.d.-g). JD - Revision of eu-LISA’s mandate | Legislative train schedule | European Parliament. Retrieved June 5, 2019, from
European Parliament. (2019a). JD - Reform of the asylum procedures directive | Legislative train schedule | European Parliament. Retrieved June 4, 2019, from
European Parliament. (2019b). JD - Revision of the Dublin regulation | Legislative train schedule | European Parliament. Retrieved June 4, 2019, from
European Parliament, & Coelho, C. (2017a). Report on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on the establishment, operation and
use of the Schengen Information System (SIS) in the field of border checks, amending Regulation (EU) No 515/2014 and repealing Regulation (EC) No 1987/2006.
Brussels. https://doi.org/10.11.2017
European Parliament, & Coelho, C. (2017b). Report on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on the establishment,
operation and use of the Schengen Information System (SIS) in the field of police cooperation and judicial cooperation in criminal matters, amending Regulation (EU)
No 515/2014 and repealing Regulation (EC) No 1986/2006, Council Decision 2007/533/JHA and Commission Decision 2010/261/EU. Brussels. https://doi.org/10.11.2017
European Parliament, Diaz de Mera García Consuegra, A., & Valenciano, E. (2017). Report on addressing refugee and migrant movements: the role of EU External
Action (2015/2342(INI)). Brussels. Retrieved from http://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/A-8-2017-0045_EN.pdf?redirect
European Parliament, & Lenaers, J. (2017). Report on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on the use of the Schengen
Information System for the return of illegally staying third-country nationals. Brussels. https://doi.org/10.11.2017
European Parliament, & Macovei, M. Report on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Regulation (EC) No 562/2006 as
regards the reinforcement of checks against relevant databases at external borders (COM(2015)0670 – C8-0407/2015 – 2015/0307(COD) (2016). Brussels.
Retrieved from http://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/A-8-2016-0218_EN.pdf
European Parliament, & Macovei, M. (2017). Report on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on the European Agency for
the operational management of large-scale IT systems in the. Brussels. Retrieved from http://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/A-8-2017-0404_EN.pdf
European Parliament Research Service. (n.d.). European Parliament - Migration and asylum. Retrieved March 3, 2019, from
http://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/infographics/migration/public/index.html?page=intro
European Union. The Schengen acquis - Convention implementing the Schengen Agreement of 14 June 1985 between the Governments of the States of the Benelux Economic
Union, the Federal Republic of Germany and the French Republic on the gradual abolition of checks at their c (1985). Retrieved from
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/TXT/?uri=celex:42000A0922%2802%29
European Union. Council Decision 2008/839/JHA of 24 October 2008 on migration from the Schengen Information System (SIS 1+) to the second generation Schengen
Information System (SIS II) (2008). Brussels. Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX%3A32008D0839
European Union. (2009). Joint Declaration on a Mobility Partnership between the European Union and Georgia. Brussels. Retrieved from
European Union. Consolidated Version of the Treaty of the functioning of the European Union (2012). Brussels: European Union. Retrieved from
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:12012E/TXT&from=ES
European Union. Agreement between France and the Federal Republic of Germany on the gradual abolition of checks at the Franco-German border
(Saarbrücken, 13 July 1984) (2013). CVCE.EU by UNI.LU. Retrieved from
European Union. (2016). Regulation (EU) 2016/ 1624 of the European Parliament and of the Council - of 14 September 2016 - on the European Border and Coast
Guard and amending Regulation (EU) 2016/ 399 of the European Parliament and of the Council and repealing Regulation (EC) No 863 / 2007 of the European
Parliament and of the Council, Council Regulation (EC) No 2007 / 2004 and Council Decision 2005/ 267/ EC. Brussels. Retrieved from
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32016R1624&from=EN
European Union. (2017). Regulation (EU) 2017/ of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 November 2017 amending Regulation (EU) 2016/399 as regards
the use of the Entry/Exit System. Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32017R2225&from=EN
Eurostat. (2017). Asylum 2017. Retrieved May 14, 2019, from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/news/themes-in-the-spotlight/asylum2017
Eurostat. (2018). Asylum statistics - Statistics Explained. Retrieved May 14, 2019, from
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Asylum_statistics
Faria, C. (2002). Managing migration flows and preventing illegal immigration : Schengen, justice and home affairs colloquium. European Institute of Public
Administration. Retrieved from https://www.marcialpons.es/libros/managing-migration-flows-and-preventing-illegal-immigration/9789067791694/
Fijnaut, C. (C. J. C. F. ., Stuyck, J., & Wytinck, P. (1992). Schengen: proeftuin voor de Europese Gemeenschap? Published in 1992 in Arnhem Antwerpen by
Gouda Quint Kluwer rechtswetenschappen. Gouda Quint. Retrieved from https://lib.ugent.be/nl/catalog/rug01:000934330
Frontex. (n.d.). Frontex migratory routes: Western Balkan Route. Retrieved May 22, 2019, from
https://frontex.europa.eu/along-eu-borders/migratory-routes/western-balkan-route/
Frontex. (2015). General Report 2015. Retrieved from https://publications.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/474bb018-b537-11e6-9e3c-01aa75ed71a1
Frontex. (2018). Annual Activity Report 2017. Retrieved from www.frontex.europa.eu
IOM. (2020). Mediterranean Arrivals Reach 110,699 in 2019; Deaths Reach 1,283. World Deaths Fall. Retrieved November 27, 2020, from
https://www.iom.int/news/iom-mediterranean-arrivals-reach-110699-2019-deaths-reach-1283-world-deaths-fall#:~:text=Deaths recorded on the three,least 19%2C164migrantssince2014.
Joubert, C., & Bevers, H. (1996). Schengen investigated : a comparative interpretation of the Schengen provisions on international police cooperation in the light
of the European Convention on Human Rights. Kluwer Law International. Retrieved from https://brill.com/view/title/10311?qt-qt_product_details=0
Karanja, S. K. (2008). Transparency and Proportionality in the Schengen Information System and Border Control Co-operation. Brill.
https://doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004162235.i-466
La Vanguardia. (2020). Canarias, una incipiente Lesbos. Retrieved November 27, 2020, from
Maguer, A. (2004). Les frontières intérieures Schengen Dilemmes et stratégies de la coopération policière et douanière franco-allemande. Max-Planck-Institut Für
Ausländisches Und Internationales Strafrecht. Retrieved from https://www.mpicc.de/de/publikationen/les-frontieres-interieures-schengen/
New Benelux-Treaty (2008). Retrieved from https://www.peacepalacelibrary.nl/2008/06/new-benelux-treaty/
Parliament, E. (2019). JD - Reform of the qualification directive | Legislative train schedule | European Parliament. Retrieved June 4, 2019, from
Plan d’action Senningen 2013-2016. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.benelux.int/files/7813/9754/4723/plandactionSenningen_fr.pdf
Schumacher, G., & European Commission. Joint Research Centre. Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen. (2013). Fingerprint recognition for
children : final report. EUR-OP. Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=COM:2016:0272:FIN
Traité instituant l’Union économique Benelux (1944).
Retrieved from https://www.beneluxparl.eu/wp-content/uploads/documents/09_Verdragen/1958-Traité-instituant-lUnion-économique-Benelux.pdf
Vermeulen, G. (Gert), & De Bondt, W. (2015). Justice, home affairs and security : European and international institutional and policy development.
Retrieved from https://books.google.be/books?id=3mMiDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA59&dq=EU+evolution+in+justice+and+home+affairs&hl=es&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjLuffhpebgAhVRL1AKHeFOBRcQ6AEIRTAE#v=onepage&q=EU evolution in justice and home affairs&f=false
Welcomeurope. (n.d.-a). EDF - European Development Fund - Programme from European Commission. Retrieved May 22, 2019, from
https://www.welcomeurope.com/eu-fonds/edf-european-development-fund-350+250.html#tab=onglet_details
Welcomeurope. (n.d.-b). ICD - Instrumento de Cooperación para el desarrollo - Programa de la Comisión Europea. Retrieved May 22, 2019, from
Zaiotti, R. (2011). Cultures of border control : Schengen and the evolution of European frontiers. University of Chicago Press.
Format
Crossmark
Licence
La revista Papeles de Europa, para fomentar el intercambio global del conocimiento, facilita el acceso sin restricciones a sus contenidos desde el momento de su publicación en la presente edición electrónica, y por eso es una revista de acceso abierto. Los originales publicados en esta revista son propiedad de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid y es obligatorio citar su procedencia en cualquier reproducción total o parcial. Todos los contenidos se distribuyen bajo una licencia de uso y distribución Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0 (CC BY 4.0). Esta circunstancia ha de hacerse constar expresamente de esta forma cuando sea necesario. Puede consultar la versión informativa y el texto legal de la licencia.
