M+A. Revista Electrónica de Medioambiente

Perceptions and attitudes above sustainable energy for some students of Secondary Education and activities proposal

Thu, 14 Dec 2017 00:00:00 +0000

In this work, it has been studied the perceptions and attitudes about sustainable energy of two groups of students (2nd and 4th year of Secondary Education) of the Community of Madrid. The datacollection tool has consisted of an open questionnaire prepared based upon the literature. In addition, it has been performed an attractive and dynamic school activity based on the Winogradsky column as a previous work of the microbial fuel cells-taking into account that 2014 was declared the year of Biotechnology in Spain. This proposal may be considered a reference point for teachers who want to reinforce and extend content of Physics, Chemistry and Biology in the framework of a responsible and committed Environmental Education in Secondary Education. Transversely but not least, we have tried with this proposal to increase the interest in the experimental sciences and encourage new scientific vocations among the students.

La educación ambiental en las Agendas 21 Locales de la provincia de Valencia

Eugenio Ivorra Catalá, Ignacio García Ferrandis, Esther Moreno Latorre — Thu, 14 Dec 2017 00:00:00 +0000

La Educación Ambiental nació con la vocación de colaborar en la mejora ambiental, para ello, es de suma importancia incorporarla en los procesos de participación ciudadana de las Agendas 21. Consecuentemente se hace necesaria la planificación de la Educación Ambiental Municipal mediante planes y programas en las Agendas 21 Locales. En este trabajo analizamos en qué medida se ha incorporado la Educación Ambiental en la Red de Municipios firmantes de la Carta de Xàtiva en la Provincia de Valencia. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó el cuestionario estructurado que fue enviado a los 213 municipios firmantes de dicho documento. Los resultados obtenidos nos permiten afirmar que son escasos los Planes o Programas de Educación Ambiental a nivel local. Esto supone una falta de coherencia entre los compromisos públicos adoptados por las corporaciones locales y las acciones que realmente se están llevando a término para la aplicación de la Agenda 21 Local.

Re-adjustment of apparent density and carbon retention: Suitable models for cuban sands

Thu, 14 Dec 2017 00:00:00 +0000

In the present study a sampling of coarse sands was requested, to readjust the modeling of the apparent density and the carbon retention that had been carried in the Beaches of Eastern Havana. The samples were collected in the beach of Varadero and Felipe and La Jaula loans. It´s analyzed: granulometry, composition, apparent density and carbon retention in samples of fine, medium and gross sand, according to the Wentworth classification. It was found that the results fit a normal distribution. The results obtained in the Beaches of Eastern Havana and in Varadero Beach, were gathered, ordered and related them in mathematical models with 95% confidence. To choose the ideal models, values were predicted based on particle size and compared with the sampling results of the underwater sands used for artificial beach nourishment. It was recommended to investigate and improve the representativeness of the models.

Environmental responsibility in Chile. Analysis based on community and Spanish regulations

María Jesús Pinochet Abalos — Tue, 14 Nov 2017 00:00:00 +0000

The law Nº 19.300 of 1994, base on the Environment, among other things, integrated into the legal system rules that has been constituted a special regime of environmental responsibility. Then, with the reforms introduced by the Law Nº 20.417 of 2010 and the Law Nº 20.600 of 2012, which have created the new environmental institutionality, the Environmental Courts is recognized as a competent part to know the actions of reparation for environmental damage. In this context, it is necessary to carry out a review of the environmental liability regulation in order to clarify the modifications that have contributed to the improvement of the system. The study is based on 2004/35/ EC Directive on environmental liability in relation to the prevention and repair of environmental damages, with the Law Nº 26/2007 on Environmental Responsibility.

Effect of different conservation agriculture techniques on soil respiration in almond orchards in the Mediterranean region (SE Spain)

Thu, 14 Dec 2017 00:00:00 +0000

The soil-management system in agricultural lands could be affected substantially on dynamics of CO2 fluxes from soil. An experiment was carried out in Lanjarón (SE Spain) to evaluate the effect of three soil-management systems in almond plantations: 1) minimum tillage with spontaneous vegetation strips (MTSV), 2) minimum tillage and thyme (Thymbra capitata L.) strips (MTT), and 3) minimum tillage without plant strips (MT). The CO2 emission rates from soil presented the following increasing trend MTSV>MT>MTT, showing highly variability in the short term. Also, higher CO2 soil emissions were recorded during the spring, in contrast to autumn. Moreover, the soil- water content was the most influential environmental factor. Consequently, the use of conservation agricultural techniques such as minimum tillage and plant strips to sequester atmospheric carbon are sustainable measures for Mediterranean rainfed agro-ecosystems.

Landscape and territorial identity of the natural, rural and urban environment of Jumilla (Murcia, SE Spain)

Thu, 14 Dec 2017 00:00:00 +0000

The municipality of Jumilla located in the Region of Murcia, has a territory that houses significant elements, the product of a long historical process, which has led to the existence of a unique territory. Through the landscapes, reflection and character of the territory, one can deepen in a better knowledge of the territorial identity of Jumilla. A better knowledge will allow facing new future challenges, taking advantage of those elements and / or processes that can not be delocalized, because they are endemic, in particular, that agricultural tradition associated with the cultivation of the vine and the production of wine. Through the study, analysis and assessment of landscapes, it helps to define the cultural identity of Jumilla. Its main objective is to determine the dominant landscapes of the municipality of Jumilla and elements that may contribute to its territorial identity. For this, an adapted template is used as reference, where elements of the landscape to be analyzed and evaluated are described.

Anthropic risks in the field of sustainability in complex spaces

María Sotelo Pérez, Ignacio Sotelo Pérez, Adriana Galvani — Tue, 14 Nov 2017 00:00:00 +0000

In the present work an analysis and assessment of the importance is carried out that they charge today geographic research, studies on risk, in general, and, anthropic, in particular, who have clearly shown their ability to address current problems, with an important real contribution to its solution in the so-called complex spaces. On the other hand, point out that the various studies have amply demonstrated that the image that the inhabitants of dangerous places have about their risks and the ways to avoid or mitigate them is usually quite different from the ones that technicians and politicians have. Equally, we can assure that the anthropic risks are found in the primary stages of the process of identification research of variables. There is not yet a general theory, although important contributions have been made, this is included in the present investigation.

Justification and convenience of the criminal responsibility of legal entities in Chile, in crimes against the Environment

Macarena Vivanco del Solar — Tue, 14 Nov 2017 00:00:00 +0000

The article refers to the revision of the principle "societas delinquere non potest", as well as to the pragmatic and dogmatic problems associated with the criminal responsibility of companies, particularly in relation to the so-called ecological crimes, with the purpose of elucidating the convenience of its establishment in Chile. For these purposes, the origin of the criminal intervention in environmental matters is reviewed, as well as the close relationship that, in this matter, exists between Criminal Law and Administrative Law. Likewise, the investigation includes the study of the different positions formulated in the debate about the possibility of criminally sanctioning the collective entities, the different models of imputation proposed by the doctrine and the sanctioning systems prevailing in Spain and Chile. Finally, a brief analysis of the sanctioning administrative system that exists in Chile, in environmental matters, is carried out.