Critical Theory and the Ontologization of the Political. A Reading of Ernesto Laclau’s Theory of Hegemony through the Lens of Theodor W. Adorno’s Negative Dialectics
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to present a critical reading of the so-called post-Marxism developed by E. Laclau, focusing particularly on the ontological dimension that derives from his thinking. To this end, the negative dialectic developed by Theodor W. Adorno will be adopted as the interpretative framework for this work. In light of this, we will revisit the Frankfurt School thinker's reading of the fundamental assumptions of Heideggerian ontology and its philosophical consequences, echoing these critiques within the categorical corpus of the theory of hegemony.
Therefore, we will proceed to analyse the concept of political difference, as conceptualised by Laclau, taking up three critical lines that Adorno directs against ontological thought, namely: 1) the problem of historicity and contingency; 2) the interrelation between the question of being and the question of meaning; and 3) ontological necessity and its link to idealistic consciousness.
This interpretative task will allow us to argue that, although Laclau's theoretical project devalues the notion of “critique”, the concept of the political can be recovered in dialectical-materialist terms, redefining its emancipatory potential.
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