O Progresso Kantiano dos Insociáveis: Unir a História e a Moral numa Realidade Agonística

Inês Pinheiro

doi:10.5209/kant.94846

The Kantian Progress of the Unsociables: Bridging History and Morals in an Agonistic Reality

Inês Pinheiro Instituto de Filosofia da NOVA, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5652-8440

##plugins.pubIds.doi.readerDisplayName##: https://doi.org/10.5209/kant.94846

Palavras-chave: Immanuel Kant, Sociabilidade Insociável, Progresso, Sofrimento, Vulnerabilidade

Resumo

O ponto de partida para este artigo é a questão: “Onde é que o progresso kantiano deixa os mais vulneráveis?” Consequentemente, o nosso propósito é estudar a ideia de “progresso” no domínio prático do pensamento kantiano, nomeadamente nas suas dimensões política, social e histórica, relacionando-o com a noção antropológica de “sociabilidade insociável”. Ao fazê-lo, o nosso derradeiro objetivo é propor uma reflexão sobre o progresso kantiano que questione como é que este lida com a realidade, não apenas no sentido mais lato da sua possibilidade, mas principalmente naquilo que concerne a enfrentar a arena agonística das nossas sociedades, na qual não conseguimos escapar à existência de conflitos sociais que deixam muitos vulneráveis e em sofrimento.

##submission.viewcitations##

Referências

Caranti, Luigi. 2017. Kant’s Political Legacy: Human Rights, Peace, Progress. Cardiff: The University of Wales Press.

Cassirer, Ernst. 1983. Kant’s Life and Thought, traduzido por James Haden. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press.

Corvino, Fausto. 2019. “Kant on Human Progress and Global Inequality.” Revista Portuguesa de Filosofia 75, no. 1: 477-512. DOI: 10.17990/RPF/2019_75_1_0477. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17990/RPF/2019_75_1_0477

Dean, Richard. 2013. “Humanity as an Idea, as an Ideal, and as an End in Itself.” Kantian Review 18, no. 2: 171-195. DOI: 10.1017/S1369415413000083. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1369415413000083

Dupré, Louis. 1998. “Kant’s Theory of History and Progress.” The Review of Metaphysics 51, no. 4: 813-828.

Engstrom, Stephen. 2002. “Kant’s Distinction Between Theoretical and Practical Knowledge.” The Harvard Review of Philosophy 10, no. 1: 49-63. DOI: 10.5840/harvardreview20021017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5840/harvardreview20021017

Formosa, Paul, e Martin Sticker. 2019. “Kant and the demandingness of the virtue of beneficence.” European Journal of Philosophy 27, no. 3: 625-642. DOI: 10.1111/ejop.12455. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ejop.12455

Gilabert, Pablo. 2010. “Kant and the Claims of the Poor.” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 81, no. 2: 382-418. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1933-1592.2010.00374.x

Golob, Sacha. 2021. “Kant on revolution as a sign of moral progress.” Journal of Philosophy of Education 55, no. 6: 977-989. DOI: 10.1111/1467-9752.12598. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9752.12598

Hasan, Rafeeq. 2018. “Freedom and poverty in the Kantian state.” European Journal of Philosophy 26, no. 3: 911-931. DOI: 10.1111/ejop.12331. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ejop.12331

Hill, Jr., Thomas E. 2021. “Kantian Ethics and Utopian Thinking.” In Beyond Duty: Kantian Ideals of Respect, Beneficence, and Appreciation, 106-126. Oxford: Oxford University Press. DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780192845481.003.0009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192845481.003.0009

Honneth, Axel. 2007. “The Irreducibility of Progress: Kant’s Account of the Relationship between Morality and History.” Critical Horizons: A Journal of Philosophy and Social Theory 8, no. 1: 1-17. DOI: 10.1558/crit.v8i1.1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1558/crit.v8i1.1

Lettevall, Rebecka. 2020. “Cosmopolitanism as Utopia.” In Conviviality at the Crossroads: The Poetics and Politics of Everyday Encounters, editado por Oscar Hemer, Maja Povrzanović Frykman, e Per-Markku Ristilammi, 89-103. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-28979-9_5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28979-9_5

Levine, William. 2022. “Kant, Realism, and the Theory of Ideals.” Philosophy & Social Criticism 0, no. 0. DOI: 10.1177/01914537221146181. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/01914537221146181

König, Robert. 2022. “Towards a Unity of Theoretical and Practical Reason: On the Constitutive Significance of the Transcendental Dialectic.” Open Philosophy 5, no. 1: 622-635. DOI: 10.1515/opphil-2022-0218. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/opphil-2022-0218

[GMS] Kant, Immanuel. 1996a. “Groundwork of the metaphysics of morals (1785).” In Practical Philosophy (The Cambridge Edition of the Works of Immanuel Kant), editado por Mary J. Gregor, 37-108. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511813306.007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511813306.007

[KpV] Kant, Immanuel. 1996b. “Critique of practical reason (1788).” In Practical Philosophy (The Cambridge Edition of the Works of Immanuel Kant), editado por Mary J. Gregor, 133-272. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511813306.010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511813306.010

[TP] Kant, Immanuel. 1996c. “On the common saying: That may be correct in theory, but it is of no use in practice (1793).” In Practical Philosophy (The Cambridge Edition of the Works of Immanuel Kant), editado por Mary J. Gregor, 273-310. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511813306.011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511813306.011

[MS] Kant, Immanuel. 1996d. “The metaphysics of morals (1797).” In Practical Philosophy (The Cambridge Edition of the Works of Immanuel Kant), editado por Mary J. Gregor, 353-604. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511813306.013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511813306.013

[SF] Kant, Immanuel. 1996e. “The conflict of the faculties (1798).” In Religion and Rational Theology (The Cambridge Edition of the Works of Immanuel Kant), editado por Allen W. Wood e George di Giovanni, 233-328. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511814433.007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511814433.007

[V-Mo/Collins] Kant, Immanuel. 1997. “PART II - Moral Philosophy: Collins’s lecture notes.” In Lectures on Ethics (The Cambridge Edition of the Works of Immanuel Kant), editado por Peter Heath e J. B. Schneewind, 37-222. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI: 10.1017/CBO9781107049512.004. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107049512.004

[KrV] Kant, Immanuel. 1998. Critique of Pure Reason (Cambridge Edition of the Works of Immanuel Kant), editado por Paul Guyer e Allen W. Wood. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511804649. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511804649

[KU] Kant, Immanuel. 2000. Critique of the Power of Judgment (The Cambridge Edition of the Works of Immanuel Kant), editado por Paul Guyer. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511804656. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511804656

[Anth] Kant, Immanuel. 2006. Anthropology From a Pragmatic Point of View (Cambridge Texts in the History of Philosophy), editado por Robert B. Louden. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511809569. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511809569

[V-Anth/Busolt] Kant, Immanuel. 2012. “Anthropology Busolt, 1788-1789.” In Lectures on Anthropology (The Cambridge Edition of the Works of Immanuel Kant), editado por Robert B. Louden e Allen W. Wood, 511-524. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI: 10.1017/CBO9781139028639. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139028639

[IaG] Kant, Immanuel. (1784) 2020. “Ideia de uma história universal com um propósito cosmopolita (1784).” In A Paz Perpétua e Outros Opúsculos, traduzido por Artur Morão, 19-37. Lisboa: Edições 70.

[ZeF] Kant, Immanuel. (1795/96) 2020. “A paz perpétua. Um projeto filosófico (1795/96).” In A Paz Perpétua e Outros Opúsculos, traduzido por Artur Morão, 129-185. Lisboa: Edições 70.

Kleingeld, Pauline. 1999. “Kant, History, and the Idea of Moral Development.” History of Philosophy Quarterly 16, no. 1: 59-80.

Kleingeld, Pauline. 1998. “Kant on the Unity of Theoretical and Practical Reason.” The Review of Metaphysics 52, no. 2: 311-339.

Kuehn, Manfred. 2001. Kant: A Biography. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI: 10.1017/CBO9781107050433. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107050433

Li, Qiannan. 2023. “A Kantian Account of Political Hopes as Fundamental Hopes.” Kantian Review 28, no. 2: 259-272. DOI: 10.1017/S1369415423000146. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1369415423000146

Loriaux, Sylvie. 2023. “Kant on Social Justice: Poverty, Dependence, and Depersonification.” The Southern Journal of Philosophy 61, no. 1: 233-256. DOI: 10.1111/sjp.12494. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/sjp.12494

Maliks, Reidar. 2014. Kant’s Politics in Context. Oxford: Oxford University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199645152.001.0001

Montaigne, Michel de. 2022. Ensaios (Volume I), traduzido por Hugo Barros. Lisboa: E-Primatur.

Moran, Kate. 2017. “Neither justice nor charity? Kant on ‘general injustice’.” Canadian Journal of Philosophy 47, no. 4: 477-498. DOI: 10.1080/00455091.2016.1251811. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00455091.2016.1251811

Moran, Kate. 2021. “Should We Believe in Moral Progress?” In Kant and the Possibility of Progress: From Modern Hopes to Postmodern Anxieties, editado por Paul T. Wilford e Samuel A. Stoner, 30-46. Filadélfia, Pensilvânia: University of Pennsylvania Press. DOI: 10.2307/j.ctv18dvvnp.5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv18dvvnp.5

Pinheiro Walla, Alice. 2020. “A Kantian foundation for welfare rights.” Jurisprudence: An International Journal of Legal and Political Thought 11, no. 1: 76-91. DOI: 10.1080/20403313.2019.1700700. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/20403313.2019.1700700

Sánchez Madrid, Nuria. 2019. “Poverty and Civil Recognition in Kant’s Juridical Philosophy. Critical Remarks.” Revista Portuguesa de Filosofia 75, no. 1: 33-50. DOI: 10.17990/RPF/2019_75_1_0033. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17990/RPF/2019_75_1_0033

Sánchez Madrid, Nuria. 2023. “Kant on Social Suffering: Vulnerability as moral and legal value.” In Kant and the Problem of Politics: Rethinking the Contemporary World, editado por Luigi Caranti e Alessandro Pinzani, 122-136. Nova Iorque: Routledge. DOI: 10.4324/9781003033837-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003033837-7

Sánchez Madrid, Nuria. 2024. “Kant’s Social Sympathy: Debunking Beneficence and Cultivating the Sense of Justice.” In The Kantian Subject: New Interpretative Essays, editado por Fernando M.F. Silva e Luigi Caranti, 145-160. Nova Iorque: Routledge. DOI: 10.4324/9781003462415-13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003462415-13

Sensen, Oliver. 2023. “Universal Law and Poverty Relief.” Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 26: 177-190. DOI: 10.1007/s10677-022-10281-0. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10677-022-10281-0

Shklar, Judith N. 1990. The Faces of Injustice. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press.

Shklar, Judith N. 1998. “What Is the Use of Utopia?” In Political Thought and Political Thinkers, editado por Stanley Hoffmann, 175-190. Chicago, Illinois: The University of Chicago Press.

Stern, Paul. 1986. “The Problem of History and Temporality in Kantian Ethics.” Review of Metaphysics 39, no. 3: 505-545.

Surprenant, Chris W. 2007. “Cultivating Virtue: Moral Progress and the Kantian State.” Kantian Review 12, no. 1: 90-112. DOI: 10.1017/S1369415400000820. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1369415400000820

Timmermann, Jens. 2007. “Simplicity and Authority: Reflections on Theory and Practice in Kant’s Moral Philosophy.” Journal of Moral Philosophy 4, no. 2: 167-182. DOI: 10.1177/1740468107079248. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1740468107079248

Timmermann, Jens. 2018. “Autonomy, Progress and Virtue: Why Kant has Nothing to Fear from the Overdemandingness Objection.” Kantian Review 23, no. 3: 379-397. DOI: 10.1017/S1369415418000201. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1369415418000201

Tundo Ferente, Laura. 1998. Kant. Utopia e senso della storia: Progresso, cosmopoli, pace. Bari: Edizioni Dedalo.

Yovel, Yirmiyahu. 1980. Kant and the Philosophy of History. Princeton: Nova Jérsia, Princeton University Press.

##submission.format##

##submission.crossmark##

##submission.metrics##

Publicado

2024-07-16

Como Citar

Pinheiro, I. (2024). O Progresso Kantiano dos Insociáveis: Unir a História e a Moral numa Realidade Agonística. Con-Textos Kantianos. International Journal of Philosophy, 19, 157-171. https://doi.org/10.5209/kant.94846